BASIC ELECTRICITY PRESENTED BY: JOHN A NEMETH, PE, CFI PURPOSE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

BASIC ELECTRICITY PRESENTED BY: JOHN A NEMETH, PE, CFI

PURPOSE Develop a working understanding of basic electric: •Terms •Concepts

COMPARING ELECTRICTY TO HYDRAULICS

VALVE PUMP TURBINE

PUMP TANK

WATER PRESSURE PRESSURE

WATER FLOW FLOW

ELECTRICAL PRESSURE PRESSURE

ELECTRON FLOW FLOW 18 6.242 X 10 ELECTRONS / SECOND

ELEMENTS OF HYDRAULIC & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS HYDRAULIC ELECTRICAL CONSTANT-PRESSURE BATTERY PUMP

ELEMENTS OF HYDRAULIC & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS HYDRAULIC ELECTRICAL PIPE WIRE / CONDUCTOR

ELEMENTS OF HYDRAULIC & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS HYDRAULIC ELECTRICAL WATER TURBINE DC MOTOR

ELEMENTS OF HYDRAULIC & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS HYDRAULIC ELECTRICAL DIFFERENTIAL DC VOLT METER PRESSURE METER

ELEMENTS OF HYDRAULIC & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS HYDRAULIC ELECTRICAL FLOW METER DC AMMETER

ELEMENTS OF HYDRAULIC & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS HYDRAULIC ELECTRICAL SHUTOFF VALVE SWITCH

COMPARING HYDRAULIC PRESSURE TO VOLTAGE PRESSURE GAUGES PUMP

COMPARING HYDRAULIC PRESSURE TO VOLTAGE VOLT METER BATTERY

COMPARING WATER FLOW TO CURRENT FLOW METER

COMPARING WATER FLOW TO CURRENT DC AMMETER

COMPARING WATER PIPES TO CONDUCTORS WATER PIPE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR

COMPARING CLOSED HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS TO ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

COMPARING CLOSED HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS TO ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

COMPARING CLOSED HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS TO ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC

COMPARING HYDRAULIC FRICTION TO ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE WATER PIPE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR

COMPARING HYDRAULIC FRICTION TO ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE HEAT HEAT HEAT HEAT Electrical resistance results in voltage drops but also generates heat

COMPARING PIPE SIZE TO WIRE GAUGE SMALL PIPE LARGE PIPE

COMPARING PIPE SIZE TO WIRE GAUGE SMALL GAUGE LARGE GAUGE

COMPARING PIPE SIZE TO WIRE GAUGE

AMPACITY OF CONDUCTORS The ampacity of a conductor is: the amount of current a conductor can carry continuously without exceeding its temperature rating

AMPACITY OF CONDUCTORS The ampacity values of a conductor depend on: • heating of the conductor by the current • ambient temperature • temperature rating of its insulation • the amount of heat dissipated

AMPACITY OF CONDUCTORS • Aluminum conductors generate more heat that copper conductors • Ampacity of aluminum conductor is less than a copper conductor

CONDUCTIVITY OF CONDUCTORS Some conductor materials conduct current with less resistance than do other materials •Copper conducts better than aluminum •Aluminum conducts better than steel

CONDUCTIVITY OF CONDUCTORS

OHM’S LAW

OHM’S LAW Ohm’s Law states: the voltage in a circuit is equal to the current multiplied by the resistance, or E = I x R

OHM’S LAW IN A SIMPLE CIRCUIT E = I x R Voltage ( E ) is measured in volts Current ( I ) is measure in amperes Resistance ( R ) is measured in ohms

OHM’S LAW IN A SIMPLE CIRCUIT Rearranging the terms, we can solve for current if voltage and resistance are known: current = voltage/resistance resistance = voltage/current

ELECTRICAL POWER •The rate at which energy is used is call power •The amount of power is expressed in watts (W) A 100 watt lightbulb produces more light and heat than a 60 watt lightbulb

OHM’S LAW WHEEL

OHM’S LAW WHEEL

APPLYING OHM’S LAW

APPLYING OHM’S LAW TOTAL CURRENT CALCULATION

BASIC ELECTRICITY: SUMMARY •Pressure in a water pipe is analogous to voltage in an energized electrical conductor •Flow in a water pipe is analogous to current in an energized electrical conductor •A restriction of flow in a water pipe is analogous to resistance in an energized electrical conductor