Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW F. Hollstein, M. Wohllebe, I. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW F. Hollstein, M. Wohllebe, I. Cacho, and S. Arnaiz HISER Development of novel sensor based sorting technologies for a WP 3.1.1: highly efficient recovery of concrete and ceramics from mixed C&DW Objectives : To develop a new cost effective automated sorter ( prototype ) merging Near InfraRed spectroscopy (NIR) and color based sensors with the objective of obtaining three separated fractions in one single stage:  high - purity (95-100%) recycled concrete aggregates ( grey fraction ),  high-purity (95-100%), recycled ceramic aggregates ( red fraction ) and  impurities (plastics, metals, wood … ( unwanted fraction )). Additionally, the automated segregation of recycled aggregates contaminated with hazardous substances (organics and heavy metals) has to researched, innovated and validated within this task, by means of NIR spectroscopy (organics) and X-ray fluorescence (heavy metals). Hollstein, Wohllebe, Cacho, Arnaiz Acknowledgement: Study performed under the Horizon 2020 Project HISER (GA 642085) funded by the European Commission HISER: H olistic Innovative Solutions for an Efficient Recycling and Recovery of Valuable Raw Materials from Complex Construction and Demolition Waste

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium CONFERENCE CONTRIBUTIONS (2016 - 2018): 1) Challenges in Automatic Sorting of Construction and Demolition Waste by Hyperspectral Imaging, Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies XIII ( SPIE-SI111-2016 ), 17 – 21 April 2016, Baltimore, Maryland, Proc. SPIE Vol. 9862, pp J01 – J10, 2016 Spectral Imaging supported Sorting of Construction and Demolition Waste, Conference on Hyperspectral Imaging for Industry ( CHII-2016 ), 15 – 16 June 2016, Graz, Austria 2) Sorting of Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) by Hyperspectral Imaging, HISER-2017 , 21 – 23 June 2017, Delft, The Netherlands, Proc. Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste - HISER International Conference, ISBN/EAN: 978-94-6186-826-8, pp 33 – 36 3) Automated Sorting of Construction and Demolition Waste by Advanced Spectral Imaging, 5th International Conference Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment ( Recycle-2018 ), 11 – 12 October 2018, Lisbon, Portugal, to be published Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium  automatic recognition of items to be sorted  mechanical ejection/separation of items into different bins Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium  automatic recognition of items to be sorted by Colour (RGB) LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) X-ray (transmission (XRT) or fluorescence (XRF)) … Spectral Imaging Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium Spectral Imaging (SI) = Spectroscopy + Image Processing ( ) Source: Spectral Imaging Ltd. (Finland) Source: inno-spec GmbH (Germany) Source: LLA GmbH (Germany) Source: BUW , M. Landmann et al., Symposium R-Beton, Stuttgart, Germany, 03/2015 Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium Experimental Setup (real) Pushbroom scanning Three different Spectral Imager Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium Experimental Setup (scheme) Three Types of Spectral Imager: spectral imager (inno-spec GmbH, Germany) RED-EYE 1.7 RED-EYE 2.2 BLACK-EYE 0.9 – 1.7 µm 1.2 – 2.2 µm 3.15 – 3.65 µm wavelength rage: pixels in full frame: 320 x 256 320 x 256 320 x 256 pixel resolution: 3.2 nm 4.4 nm 18 nm sensor: InGaAs InGaAs InSb frame rate: 330 Hz 330 Hz 384 Hz power consumption: 9 W 9 W 50 W Sorting task Gray (concrete/plastering) sorting “red” stony patterns “grey” stony patterns Mixed aggregates (99 pieces) (64 pieces) into Red (bricks/ceramics/tiles) three fractions Unwanted Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium Results for RED-EYE 1.7 and RED-EYE 2.2 (Ref. 1 + 2) learn set prediction set 0.9 ... 1.7 µm 1.2 ... 2.2 µm  the necessary spectral wavelength range should cover a full bandwidth from 1.2 … 2.2 µm Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium zoom of left picture, with contami- with contami- without grey = organic pollution nation nation contamination (with plastics (no plastics  organic contaminants (oil, resin, classifier) classifier) paint, tar …) influence spectral fingerprints slightly, the presence of organic contaminants can be detected by NIR/SWIR - HSI Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium Results for BLACK-EYE (MIR Spectral Imager, 3.15 – 3.65 µm ) (Ref. 3) BlACK-EYE imager 10 Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium Results for BLACK-EYE (MIR Spectral Imager, 3.15 – 3.65 µm) 3.25 … 3.50 µm BlACK-EYE imager false classification -> at zero Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium Results for BLACK-EYE (MIR Spectral Imager, 3.15 – 3.65 µm)  it has been demonstrated that MIR-SI (3.25 … 3.5 µm) outperforms all other investigated wavelength ranges according to solid C&DW classification correctness Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium Rough design of optical C&DW sorter (constructive) Options: Pick - Sorter (Roboter) Flake - Sorter Belt Design Free Fall Design Advantage: just one HSI camera (price) top and back view Disadvantage: just top view two HSI cameras (price) more air pressure amount of data Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium Summary  the possibility of automatic separation of C&DW debris into three fractions (“grey”, “red” and “unwanted/unknown”) has been shown on an industrial scale  the detection method was based on NIR/SWIR/MIR-Spectral-Imaging classification  the spectral differences in “grey” and “red” building wastes are large enough for automatic sorting operations in on line mode  the necessary spectral wavelength range should cover a full bandwidth from 1.2 … 2.2 µm, but at least the range from left to right of the water band at 1.9 µm (1.7 … 2.1 µm)  it has been demonstrated that MIR-SI (3.25 … 3.5 µm) outperforms all other investigated wavelength ranges according to solid C&DW classification correctness Automatic Sorting of Mixed C&DW

HISER Final Conference: Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste , 16 November 2018, Brussels, Belgium Acknowledgement Hollstein, Wohllebe, Cacho, Arnaiz Study performed under the Horizon 2020 Project HISER (GA 642085) funded by the European Commission HISER: H olistic Innovative Solutions for an Efficient Recycling and Recovery of Valuable Raw Materials from Complex Construction and Demolition Waste