Automated Driving Are we taking the Human Factors Researcher out of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Automated Driving Are we taking the Human Factors Researcher out of the Loop? Sanna Pampel GOTO Conference London October 2016

GOTO Conference London October 2016

Why automation? By Marco Verch - Polizeiwagen Unfall, CC BY 2.0 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Why automation? GOTO Conference London October 2016

Why automation? By User: Anonyme - Own work, CC BY 2.5 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Definitions Automated Teamwork between car and driver Takeover initiated by driver Handover initiated by vehicle Autonomous No control from outside, driverless GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation By Rmhermen - Transferred from en.wikipedia Level 5 Full automation SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation By Nozilla - Transferred from en.wikipedia SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation By OSX - Transferred from en.wikipedia SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation By Tesla Motors Inc. - Tesla Motors Inc. Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation By Grendelkhan - Transferred from en.wikipedia Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation levels Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Door Maurits Vink - Transferred from en.wikipedia Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Vehicle automation state-of-the-art • Audi level 2 (level 3 on market in 2017) • Mercedes level 2 (three level 3 truck platoons) Tesla Motors Inc. • Tesla level 3 • Google car level 3/4 • Level 5 not for another 10 years 1 Department for Transport: 'The pathway to driverless cars: summary report and action plan' (DfT, 2015) GOTO Conference London October 2016

Level 3 requires a responsible ‘driver’ • Fatigue and mindwandering • Long takeover times • Degradation of skills • Trust and complacency • Misuse Solution? GOTO Conference London October 2016

Re-engaging the driver • Keeping them in the loop • Encouraging manual operations • Handover depending on driver state GOTO Conference London October 2016

Re-engaging the driver • Keeping them in the loop • Encouraging manual operations • Handover depending on driver state Still so many problems! GOTO Conference London October 2016

Re-engaging the driver • Keeping them in the loop • Encouraging manual operations • Handover depending on driver state First fatalities in level 3 automation GOTO Conference London October 2016

Jump to full automation Level 0 No automation Level 1 Assisted Level 2 Partial automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 4 High automation Level 5 Full automation GOTO Conference London October 2016

Jump to full automation • Volvo testing by 2017 • Tesla – By 2018 • Ford BMW iNext – By 2021 • BMW iNext by 2021 And the human factor? GOTO Conference London October 2016

Humans in vehicles • Trust • Experiences • Communication with car • Non-driving activities • Driving pleasure GOTO Conference London October 2016

Humans outside of vehicles • Safety • Trust • Predictability and communication with ‘driver’ • Transition period GOTO Conference London October 2016

Traffic environment • Ethics • Travel quality and time • Lifestyles – Mobility improvement and inclusivity • Connected vehicles • Misuse GOTO Conference London October 2016

Artificial Intelligence • Maintenance • Knowing driver state • Adapting to driver’s goals – Personalisation GOTO Conference London October 2016

Artificial Intelligence • Learn human bad habits – Google car accident • Adaptation over time – Will humans understand the car’s behaviour changes? Photograph taken by Polimerek in MIT Mus. GOTO Conference London October 2016

Artificial Intelligence • Shall autonomous cars drive like humans or machines? – Better version of ourselves? – Disappointed inevitable GOTO Conference London October 2016

Addressing the challenges • Fully autonomous cars not existing yet – Only in limited areas • Many questions How can we find answers now? GOTO Conference London October 2016

Human factors exploring solutions • Explore problem • Find research questions • Answer might not involve full scenario • More opportunities as cars become increasingly automated GOTO Conference London October 2016

Take aways • Promise of safety and increased road capacity • Partially automated vehicles are an exciting human factors research field • However, engaging/re-engaging the driver is difficult, and potentially dangerous • Hence, announcements of fully autonomous vehicles GOTO Conference London October 2016

Take aways • Human factors challenges remain – Human in vehicles – Humans outside of vehicles – Traffic environment • Challenges posed by AI • Research efforts to tackle questions before autonomous vehicles are widely in use GOTO Conference London October 2016

Automated Driving - Are we taking the Human Factors Researcher out of the Loop?

No, we still need to consider the human factor!

Sanna Pampel @sannapampel @HFRG_UoN GOTO Conference London October 2016 GOTO Conference London October 2016

GOTO Conference London October 2016