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ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AND MARKET FAILURE Please accept my - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AND MARKET FAILURE Please accept my resignation. I dont care to belong to any club that will have me as a member. Groucho Marx. The market for lemons Sellers knows quality of his or her car Buyer only knows


  1. ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AND MARKET FAILURE

  2. Please accept my resignation. I don’t care to belong to any club that will have me as a member. — Groucho Marx.

  3. The market for lemons • Sellers knows quality of his or her car • Buyer only knows distribution of qualities • For a given price, only worse cars will be offered for sale • Buyers update beliefs and willingness to pay • This process may unravel to the point there is no market

  4. Adverse selection in health markets p D p e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC . . . . . A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p o . . . . . . MC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . q e q o

  5. Adverse selection • Consumer type: θ ∼ U [0, 1] • Willingness to pay: θ • Cost of serving type θ : C = c 0 + c 1 θ • Price p implies q = 1 − p (types with θ > p ) • Cost of marginal type: c 0 + c 1 θ , where θ = p and p = 1 − q MC = c 0 + c 1 (1 − q ) • Cost of average type served: average between types θ = p , θ = 1 � � 1 − 1 AC = c 0 + c 1 2 q • Note that AC > MC

  6. Adverse selection • Equilibrium level of q ( p = AC ): q e = 1 − c 0 − c 1 1 − c 1 2 • Optimal level of q ( p = MC ): q o = 1 − c 0 − c 1 1 − c 1 • Hence q e < q o

  7. Adverse selection in health markets p D p e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC . . . . . A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p o . . . . . . MC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . q e q o

  8. Solutions to adverse selection • Pooling of health risks (employer provided insurance) • Mandatory insurance (auto, health) • Type inspection (cars, health risks) • Warranties (used cars)

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