Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Liquid Xenon Detector Rafael F. Lang Purdue University rafael@purdue.edu TAUP 2019
Coherent Elastic Scattering For both WIMPs & solar/supernova ν : → interact with entire nucleus: Recoil degenerate in transferred momentum → for some parameter space WIMPs and neutrinos indistinguishable: “neutrino floor” (not really a floor) Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 3
WIMP Detection Status (simplified) Ellis,Ferstl&Olive hep-ph/0001005 Scattering Cross Section in cm 2 10 -42 ruled out Best limits all from 10 -43 LXe experiments 10 -44 10 -45 Priors include see Blanco+ 1907.05893 Z-mediation 10 -46 through a box, 10 -47 Z’ - or Higgs- 10 -48 mediation, 10 -49 Z-mediation at 10 -50 1 3 10 30 100 300 1000 3000 10 -10 abundance WIMP Mass in GeV/c 2 Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 4
Strong Program Going Forward Ellis,Ferstl&Olive hep-ph/0001005 Scattering Cross Section in cm 2 10 -42 ruled out Start next year 10 -43 to probe another 10 -44 2 orders of 10 -45 magnitude 10 -46 10 -47 10 -48 10 -49 10 -50 1 3 10 30 100 300 1000 3000 WIMP Mass in GeV/c 2 Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 5
Billard, Strigari, Figueroa-Feliciano 1307.5458 Dark Matter and CE n NS Simple scattering Scattering Cross Section in cm 2 10 -42 kinematics: ruled out 10 -43 degenerate in 10 -44 momentum 8 B 10 -45 10 -46 Heavy WIMP, v~10 -3 c 10 -47 10 -48 Coherent Neutrino- Coherent atm Neutrino Nucleus Scattering: 10 -49 Signal light n , v~c 10 -50 1 3 10 30 100 300 1000 3000 WIMP Mass in GeV/c 2 Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 6
Neutrino Floor is far, far away Scattering Cross Section in cm 2 10 -42 ruled out Current program 10 -43 leaves a WIMP gap 10 -44 8 B 10 -45 10 -46 x10 10 -47 10 -48 Coherent x1000 atm Neutrino 10 -49 Signal 10 -50 1 3 10 30 100 300 1000 3000 WIMP Mass in GeV/c 2 Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 7
Neutrino Floor is far, far away Scattering Cross Section in cm 2 10 -42 ruled out Current program 10 -43 leaves a WIMP gap 10 -44 8 B 10 -45 10 -46 x10 Atmospheric 10 -47 neutrinos require 10 -48 Coherent x1000 generation-3 atm Neutrino 10 -49 experiment Signal 10 -50 1 3 10 30 100 300 1000 3000 WIMP Mass in GeV/c 2 Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 8
Generation-3 Goal: probe WIMPs down to the atm n floor need to measure atmospheric n CE n NS Scale-up LXe TPC technology DARWIN 1606.07001 Start after LZ & XENONnT, ~2026 8M € R&D funding, on roadmaps, collaborations and expressions of interest, whitepaper in prep Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 9
Xe: Spin-Dependent Sensitivity Half of Xe isotopes carry spin! PICO is better for proton coupling XENON 1902.03234 In general, Xe is great EFT target Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 10
Many other interesting channels Axion-Like Particles: LUX 1704.02297 Sub-GeV WIMPs: XENON 1907.11485 Dark Photons: Leptophilic models: An+ 1412.8378 Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 11
Probe Dark Matter Flux Beyond Planck Mass Kinematics only depend on reduced mass Become flux limited only at → Generation-3 experiment probes beyond Planck-scale, using dedicated multi-scatter search Bramante, Broerman, Rafael & Raj 1803.08044; also 1812.09325 Still need to work out exact interpretation of results Digman, Cappiello, Beacom, Hirata & Peter 1907.10618 Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 12
Elastic pp solar neutrino scattering Ikeda/Super-K Neutrino2018 DARWIN 1606.07001 Generation-3 MeV Also measure to a few percent Cerdeno+ 1604.01025 Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 14
Solar 8 B CE n NS ~2023 Here: simulation of 1000 days LZ electronic recoil LZ/Dobson UCLA 2018 background dark matter nuclear recoils ~36 8 B solar neutrino nuclear recoils Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 15
Solar Metallicity with 8 B CE n NS Get 90 events/t/year above 1keV nr Haxton 1208.5723 BOREXINO: 7% measurement using CC & spectral fit: BOREXINO 2018 Decisive measurement using generation-3 experiment Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 16
<100MeV Atmospheric Neutrino CE n NS preliminary, 200t yr, using NEST Newstead, Strigari&Rafael in prep. need >500 t years: Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 17
Supernova Neutrino CE n NS flavor-independent: n n Z 0 complementary sensitivity A A measurement beyond SMC Rafael+ 1606.09243 Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 18
136 Xe 0 n 2 b with nat Xe Target Abundance 8.9%: No (expensive) enrichment Yanina Biondi, this conference 2 νββ DARWIN 1606.07001 214 Bi 137 Xe 222 Ra 8 B T 1/2 > 9 × 10 27 yr (140t yr) expect update soon Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 20
CNO Neutrinos in 60t Xenon signals Newstead, Strigari & Rafael 1807.07169 CNO detection 136 Xe hurts, i.e. significance use depleted target backgrounds Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 21
[2/0] ν EC β + of 124 Xe in nat Xe Abundance 0.1% Unique signature XENON1T should be Alex Fieguth, this conference sufficient to observe 2νECβ + Relevant to search for 0νECβ + as it’s competitive Brings new information on flavor violation Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 22
Physics with a Generation-3 LXe TPC Dark Matter: Neutrinos: • solar pp neutrinos • spin-independent WIMPs • spin-dependent WIMPs • coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering • 8 B solar neutrinos • EFT couplings and inelastic WIMPs • GeV and MeV WIMPs (“S2 - only”) • Galactic supernovae • Planck mass dark matter • neutrino oscillations • Migdal & Bremsstrahlung searches • sterile neutrinos • Cosmic Ray Upscattered Dark Matter • neutrino magnetic moment • Annual modulation searches • CNO neutrinos • 0 nbb decay of 136 Xe • Magnetic Inelastic WIMPs • 2 nbb decay of 136 Xe • inelastic scattering ( 129 Xe) • axial-vector coupling • ECEC on 124 Xe • Leptophilic models • EC β + on 124 Xe • Mirror & luminous DM • Axion-like particles Plus: • SuperWIMPs • solar axions • Dark photons • fractionally charged particles Rafael F. Lang: Astroparticle Physics with a Generation-3 Dark Matter Detector 23
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