Patrick Ovie Akusu Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics Director Nuclear Power Plant Development NIGERIA ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION, ABUJA PRESENTATION AT THE NIGERIA CONFERENCE OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE AUGUST 19 -23, 2019
OUTLINE The Layman’s Perception Our Perception Need for Electricity Generation using NPPs What are NPPs? Advances in Nuclear Reactor Technologies NPP, a Unique Technology Contemporary Global Concerns Global Approach National Approach Conclusion 2
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Our Perception 4
Nee Need f d for Electricity or Electricity Gen Gener eration tion Us Using ing NPPs NPPs Electrical Illumination as seen from space at night 5
WHAT ARE NPP S ? A Nucle uclear ar Power er Plant Plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to an electric generator which produces electricity. 6
7 Advances in in Nuclear Reactor Technology 440 NPPs in 31 Countries 30 more NPPs under construction Account for 16% of world’s electricity NAEC Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission
NPP, a unique Technology Planning, construction, operations and decommissioning may span over hundred (100) years Sustained operations for over sixty (60) years uninterrupted with a possibility of extended life span. Low cost of maintenance required and the refueling could be after every one and a half years. Small amount of fuel generates very large amount of energy Very small waste with definite effective treatment and disposal plans in place. Similarly, decommissioning plan is mandatory. It is political . 8
Contemporary Global Concerns Safety Acceptability Security Global Concerns on NPP Emergency Deployment Preparedness Safeguards Waste Decommissioning Disposal
GLOBAL APPROACH International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) “ATOM FOR PEACE” Ma Mandat ate The mandate of the IAEA is to work with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies. 10
NATIONAL APPROACH Establishment of Some Key Federal Government Agencies Nigeria Atomic Energy Act 46 of 1976 “An Act to establish the Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission for the development of atomic energy and all matters relating to the peaceful use of atomic energy.’’ Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act of 1995 Independent & Empowered to license and regulate the operations of the nuclear sector and the use of radioactive sources. National Emergency Management Agency Act 12 as amended by Act 50 of 1999 To coordinate resources towards efficient and effective disaster prevention, preparedness, mitigation and response in Nigeria. 11 11
NATIONAL APPROACH Some Preparatory Activities to Address the Concerns Nigeria is also party to various international legal agreements on the peaceful use of nuclear energy NAEC The draft Nigeria Atomic Energy Bill (2018) which would repeal the NAEC Act 46 of 1976, is to ensure the peaceful and safe operations of nuclear facilities. A National Human Resource Development Plan, to have a crop of indigenous nuclear experts, has been developed and is being implemented A draft policy for civil liabilities and nuclear damages has been developed A Public Awareness & Communications Strategy (PACS) has been developed The Nigeria Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management Policy, as well as the Strategy/Plan document have been replaced. Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Radioactive Waste Management Policy 12 12 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Radioactive Waste Management Strategy
NATIONAL APPROACH Some Preparatory Activities to Address the Concerns The Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards (NSSS) Bill, which would repeal the Nuclear Safety and NNRA Radiation Protection Act 19 of 1995, has passed through the Federal Executive Council (FEC), 2018, to the National Assembly for enactment. A series of draft Regulations for NPP spanning the design to the decommissioning phase have been concluded. NEMA The National Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Plan (NNREP) has been developed and validated in collaboration with the IAEA. Nigeria is in various multi-lateral and bilateral collaborations with the IAEA and other Foreign Technical Partners (FTP) for enhanced human resources and capacity development which would ensure the safe operations of nuclear facilities. The successful hosting of the IAEA Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) Mission and its outcome is a significant performance indicator that Nigeria’s Nuclear Infrastructure is being developed in the right direction. 13 Nigeria is currently implementing its integrated workplan for nuclear power with the 13 assistance of the IAEA
Conclusion The e po policies icies and nd st strategie egies s for th the e implementation of Nigeria’s Nuclear En Energ ergy y Programm grammes es is t s to actualize tualize th the e over erar arching ching go goal l in th the e nuc uclea lear r se sector or – “SAFETY FIRST” 14
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