ASSESSEMENT OF GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY IN YANGON CITY, MYANMAR - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ASSESSEMENT OF GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY IN YANGON CITY, MYANMAR Dr. Wint Wint Htun Assistant Lecturer, Department of Geology University of Yangon 29 th January, 2015

YCDC Area Yangon Division Panhlaing River Hlaing River Yangon Yangon River Union of Myanmar

YANGON between 1960s & 1980s URBAN PLANNING HISTORY OF YANGON 1920 - 8625 Ha 1974 - 20862 Ha 1985 - 34613 Ha It had expanded gradually in N-S direction in 1960s and 1980s Source: Hlaing Maw Oo, 2007

URBAN PLANNING HISTORY OF YANGON rapidly in E-W direction .  developing new suburbs in 1990s through the present time. in an attempt to balance  the elongated south to north growth of the city limits, development of new towns in the east and west TOWN EXTENSION (Site & Services Scheme) INDUSTRIAL ZONES Source: Hlaing Maw Oo, 2007

Types of water resources in Yangon area Ngamoeyeik Gyophyu 1.Surface water Ngamoeyeik Reservoir Gyobyu Reservoir Reservoirs Phugyi Lagunpyin Reservoir • Gyobyu (started from 1940) M R i y v i t e m r a k h a Pyugyi Reservoir • Hlawga (started from 1906) • Phugyi (started from 1992) • Ngamoeyeik (started from 2007) Lakes and ponds Bago River • Kandawgyi Lake (1879-1906) 56" 56" • Innya Lake (1884-1906) 56" 56" Hlawga 24" 56" 36" 36" 56" 36" Hlawga R H Reservoir l i v a e i n r g Lakes and ponds 177 56" 175 176 36" No.1 No.2 56" 172 174 173 171 170 36" 56" 36" 42" 56" 146 133 36" 136 2.Ground water 56" 127 148 126 147 42" 128 131 129 135 141 125 132 140 142 143 139 8" 130 137 144 12" 138 145 134 8" 12" 36" 8" 8" 12" 8" 8" 73 8" 36" 24" 77 66" 24" 70 72 69 71 74 24" 12" 66" 68 12" 24" 67 42" 10" 8" 8" 66" 56" 8" 75 8" 76 24" Open wells (hand-dug wells) 66" 10" 66" 27" 42" 56" 27" 24" 27" 12" 66" 24" 20" 56" 12" 182 25 38 Pan Hlaing River 183 39 37 26 18" 8" 66" 12" 36 40 12" PUMP STATION YEGU 181 30 35 42 8" 8" 8" 12" 184 12" 180 24" 179 49 29 31 34 41 43 8" 10" 12" 51 52 28 48 33 47 6" 10" 178 55 56 46 18" 53 50 54 44 45 6" 12" 217 6" 18" 42" 42" 56" 12" 213 12" 12" Inya 212 Lake 12" 12" 6" 204 210 8" 8" 10" 6" 6" 6" 6" 32 10" 6" 203 205 8" 6" 81 6" 209 6" 215 211 78 12" 3 202 82 12" 12" 12" 12" " 0 12" 79 6" 8" 42" 27" 207 94 93 12" 90 91 92 88 " 0 3 12" 206 89 4 " 2 95 83 8586 8" 56" 105 109 8487 96 6" 80 24" Tube wells 9" 168 CAPACITY 20 MG KOKINE RESERVOIR 8" 12" 10" 216 208,214 10" 12" 9" 153 154 OVERFLOW EL.140.0 FT 10" 101 102 164 160 167 161 155 9 " 3 0 " 12" 24" 106 9" 158 165 159 42" 2 " 4 1 8 12" 10" 107 18" 157 110 156 152 " 6" 10" 201 108 " 9 124 12" 197 18" 162 9" 23 42" 12" 12" 196 193 194 111 24" 30" 30" 24 9" 9" 50k-gal Capicity 12" 200 195 104 163 166 24" 22 21 27" 112 103 24" 9" SHWEDAGON RESERVOIR CAPACITY 1 MG 42" 12" Bago 18" 9" 24" OVERFLOW EL.133.0 FT 66 12" 192 12" 9 8 27" Kandawgyi Lake 198 199 River 9" 15" 15" 9" 16 27" CENTRALSERVICE RESERVOIR 42" 10" 12" 14 12" 9" 12" CAPACITY 10 MG 2 123 187 6 7 9" 7 " 2 1 186 191 5 18 17 27" 12" " 12" 10" 65 12" 12" 9" 64 188 4 10 18" 9" 15 19 12" 12" 61 63 3 12" 114 9" 9" 9" 20 12" 42" 1 " 2 60 62 189 9" 9" 27" 27" 1 " 7 185 2 1 115 117 9" 9" 36" 9" 36" 10" 116 12" 113 27" 122 121 27" 149 151 12" 150 9" 17" 10" 8" 12" 190 6" 9" 9" 118 119 27" 12" 12" 12" 11" 12" 15" 12" 12" 99 100 12" 12" 15" 9" 9" 120 12" 12" 98 12" 12" 12" 10" 12" 15" 12" 97 27" 12" 12 11 12" 12" 169 13 12" 12" • 30 wells (1842) 16" 16" 6" Twantay Canal 16" 16" Yangon River 1 km 0.5 km 0 1 km 1 miles 0.5 miles 0 1 miles 24" • YCDC tube-wells

Monthly Temperature and Monthly Rainfall • Monthly mean temperature is essential in water usage • Water demand in township is mainly depend upon variation of temperature

Gyophyu Reservoir (correlation between water level and total rainfall) 3000 2500 2000 minimum Inch 1500 maximum 1000 total rainfall 500 0 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 Year Hlawgar Resevoir (correlation between lake water Phyugyi reservoir correlation between water level and level and total rainfall) total rainfall 800 1600 700 1400 600 1200 minimum 500 minimum 1000 Inch Inch 400 800 maximum maximum 600 300 total rainfall total rainfall 400 200 200 100 0 0 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 Year Year Correlation of water level and total rainfall

Water supply in Yangon area (2010) Water resources Surface water (reservoirs) • Gyobyu 27 MGD • Phugyi 44 MGD • Hlawga 14 MGD • Ngamoeyeik 90 MGD Ground water • About 400 tube wells over 20 MGD • Lakes and ponds Total over 195 MGD (Million gallon per day)

Depending on total population and served population data analysis every townships show the lack of water sufficiency. Half of total population of Bahan, Botahtaung, Dagon, Kyauktada, Lanmadaw, Latha, Mingalartaungnyunt, North Okkalapa, Pabedan, Pazundaung, and Tarmwe have access to YCDC water supply. Ahlone, Hlaing, Hlaingtharyar, Insein, Kamaryut, Kyeemyintdaing, Mayangone, Mingalardon, North Okkalap, Sanchaung, South Okkalapa and Thaketa get only small amount of or limited water supply.

Drinking water lake in Yangon Area 100 90 80 70 Lake no . 60 50 40 drinking water lake 30 fire control 20 10 0 Township Name

The domestic water consumption per month is increased in Ahlone, Tarmwe, Yankin, Bahan and Pabedan Townships. Utilization for commercial purposes in Insein is increased more than the other townships. Departmental water consumption per month is found to be high in Dagon, Mayangone, Yankin and Insein.

As population density increases, an ever-increasing demand on water resources and an ever increasing complexity of management issues are created. Population Density Population persons 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 1973 0 North Okkalapa Seikkyi kanaungto Dagon Myothit east Dagon Myothit Dagon Myothit Dagon Myothit South okkalapa Thaketa Dagon Dala Hlaing Insein Kamaryut Kyauktada Kyeemyindaing Mayangone Mingalardon Mingalartaungnyunt Pabedan Pazundaung Seikan Thingangyun Bahan Botataung Hlaingtharyar Latha Sanchaung Tamwe Yankin Ahlone Dawbon Lanmadaw Shwepyitha 1983 1998 2001 Townships Urban expansion coupled with population growth accelerated the deterioration of 13 environment and degradation of quality of groundwater.

Location of Industrial zones Industrial zones Proposed industrial zones 14

well no. 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 YCDC’s tube -wells in Townships Ahlone 10 Botataung 2 Dagon 14 Dagon Myothit (North) 2 Dagon Myothit (South) 33 Dala 5 Dawbon 9 10 Hlaingtharyar Insein 5 Kamayut 23 Kyauktada 6 Kyeemyindine 13 Lanmadaw 16 Latha 11 Mingalataungnyunt 1 North Okkalapa 26 Pabedan 9 Sanchaung 17 South Okkalapa 8 Shwepyitha 4 Thaketa 23 Thingangyun 9 Seikkyi-khanaungto 3 3 2 Dagon (East) railway station, kyauktada township Tube-well located at in front of the Dagon (Seikkan) lanmadaw township Tube-well located at 13 th street,

Water wells in townships (1996-2008) Gp 2 Dagon, Mayangon, Mingalardon, Gp 1 Yankin, Kamaryut and Sanchaung South Okkala and North Okkala 250 cumulative well number 60 200 cumulative well number 50 150 40 30 100 20 50 10 0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2007 1996 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 Gp 3 Gp 4 - North Dagon Hlaing, Kyimyintdaing 200 and Mayangone (west) 190 cumulative well number 137 140 145 154 161 174 50.5 cumulative well number 150 50 50 49.5 100 49 76 48.5 50 48 40 33 24 47.5 0 47 1996 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 1996 1999