Articulatory Phonetics IPA: The Vowels and the International - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Review Articulatory Phonetics IPA: The Vowels and the International Phonetic Alphabet Practice

Articulatory Course Readings Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Course Readings Handouts Online Tutorials Review The following readings have been posted to the Moodle IPA: The Vowels course site: Practice ◮ Contemporary Linguistics: Chapter 2 (pp. 34-40)

Articulatory Handouts for This Lecture Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Course Readings Handouts Online Tutorials Review For this lecture, you should have printed out the following IPA: The Vowels handout, which was posted to the course website: Practice ◮ Chart of IPA Symbols

Articulatory Online Tutorials Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Course Readings Handouts Online Tutorials Review Some helpful online tutorials (and related stuff) have IPA: The Vowels been posted to the course website, under the page Practice “Readings and Tutorials”

Articulatory Review: Phonetics and the The Need for a Phonetic Alphabet International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials ◮ For the next few weeks, we’ll be studying the sound Review IPA: The Vowels systems of human languages Practice ◮ Therefore, we need a way of representing speech sounds (phones) ◮ Conventional spelling systems (like for English) are no good for this: ◮ They are ambiguous (‘read’ ≈ ‘reed’ or ‘red’) ◮ They only represent some phones

Articulatory Review: Phonetics and the The International Phonetic Alphabet International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Review IPA: The Vowels ◮ A unambiguous notation that represents the phones Practice of all the worlds languages ◮ Every phone is represented by one symbol ◮ Every symbol represents only one phone ◮ The symbols are defined by a description of the sound’s articulatory phonetics ◮ (How the sound is produced / articulated)

Articulatory Review: Phonetics and the Articulatory Phonetics of Consonants International Phonetic Alphabet In English, there are four (main) parameters for describing the articulatory phonetics of consonants: Readings and ◮ Voicing: whether the sound is voiced or voiceless Other Materials Review ◮ Nasality: whether the sound is nasal or oral IPA: The Vowels ◮ Place of Articulation: where the vocal tract is manipulated Practice ◮ Bilabial ◮ Labio-Dental ◮ Dental ◮ Alveolar ◮ Alveopalatal ◮ Palatal ◮ Velar ◮ Glottal ◮ Manner of articulation: how the vocal tract is manipulated ◮ Stop ◮ Fricative ◮ Affricate ◮ Approximant

Articulatory Review: Phonetics and the Articulatory Phonetics of Consonants International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Review IPA: The Vowels Some IPA Symbols and their Definitions: Practice [t] voiceless oral alveolar stop [m] voiced nasal bilabial stop [T] voiceless oral dental fricative [j] voiced oral palatal approximant

Articulatory Today Class: Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Review ◮ We will now extend this discussion to vowels: IPA: The Vowels ◮ We’ll discuss their articulatory phonetics Practice ◮ We’ll define the IPA symbols used for their transcription ◮ We will practice IPA transcription of English sentences together.

Articulatory The Articulatory Phonetics of Vowels Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and ◮ To define the IPA symbols for vowels, we will need to Other Materials Review discuss their articulatory phonetics IPA: The Vowels The Articulatory Phonetics of Vowels Vowel Height ◮ In English, there are four main parameters for Vowel Backness Lip Rounding describing the articulatory phonetics of a vowel: Tenseness Diphthongs The Major Diphthongs Tongue Height (how close to roof of the mouth) The Minor Diphthongs Tongue Backness (how far back in mouth) Practice Lip Rounding (whether lips are ‘puckered’) Tongue Tenseness (how ‘tense’ the tongue is)

Articulatory Vowel Height Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials ◮ One key difference between vowels: their ‘ height ’ Review ◮ The distance b/ the tongue and the roof of the mouth IPA: The Vowels The Articulatory Phonetics of Vowels Vowel Height Vowel Backness Lip Rounding Tenseness Diphthongs The Major Diphthongs The Minor Diphthongs Practice

Articulatory Vowel Height Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials ◮ One key difference between vowels: their ‘ height ’ Review ◮ The distance b/ the tongue and the roof of the mouth IPA: The Vowels The Articulatory Phonetics of Vowels Vowel Height Vowel Backness ◮ To feel this, alternate between saying “heat” and “hat” Lip Rounding Tenseness Diphthongs ◮ “Heat”: your tongue is near the roof of your mouth The Major Diphthongs The Minor Diphthongs ◮ “Hat”: your tongue is lower to your jaw Practice ◮ (and your jaw is also lowered some, too...)

Articulatory Vowel Height Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet When describing height, three values are used: Readings and Other Materials ◮ High: very close to the roof of the mouth Review IPA: The Vowels [i] “ee”-sound (heat) The Articulatory Phonetics of Vowels [u] “oo”-sound (hoot) Vowel Height Vowel Backness Lip Rounding ◮ Mid: mid-way between roof of mouth and jaw Tenseness Diphthongs [e] “ay”-sound (hate) The Major Diphthongs The Minor Diphthongs [o] “oh”-sound (hope) Practice ◮ Low: lowered to the jaw [æ] “a”-sound (hat) [A] “ah”-sound (hot)

Articulatory Vowel Backness Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Review ◮ Another key difference between vowels: ‘ backness ’ IPA: The Vowels ◮ How far back in the mouth the tongue is positioned The Articulatory Phonetics of Vowels Vowel Height Vowel Backness Lip Rounding Tenseness Diphthongs The Major Diphthongs The Minor Diphthongs Practice

Articulatory Vowel Backness Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Review ◮ Another key difference between vowels: ‘ backness ’ IPA: The Vowels ◮ How far back in the mouth the tongue is positioned The Articulatory Phonetics of Vowels Vowel Height Vowel Backness Lip Rounding ◮ To feel this, alternately say “heat” and “hoot” Tenseness Diphthongs ◮ “Heat”: your tongue is ‘bunched up’ near the front The Major Diphthongs The Minor Diphthongs Practice ◮ “Hoot”: your tongue is ‘bunched up’ near the back

Articulatory Vowel Backness Phonetics and the International When describing backness, three values are used: Phonetic Alphabet ◮ Back: close to the back of the mouth Readings and Other Materials [u] “oo”-sound (hoot) high back Review [o] “oh”-sound (hope) mid back IPA: The Vowels [A] “ah”-sound (hot) low back The Articulatory Phonetics of Vowels Vowel Height Vowel Backness ◮ Central: midway between back and front Lip Rounding Tenseness Diphthongs [2] “uh”-sound (cut) low central The Major Diphthongs The Minor Diphthongs [@] “uh”-sound (sofas) mid central Practice [1] “uh”-sound (roses) high central ◮ Front: at the front of the mouth [i] “ee”-sound (heat) high front [e] “ay”-sound (hate) mid front [æ] “a”-sound (hat) low front

Articulatory Rounding Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials ◮ So far, the parameters for describing vowels involve Review the position of the tongue... IPA: The Vowels The Articulatory Phonetics ◮ But another difference involves the lips: ‘ rounding ’ of Vowels Vowel Height ◮ Whether the lips are ‘rounded’ (puckered) when you Vowel Backness Lip Rounding make the sound Tenseness Diphthongs The Major Diphthongs The Minor Diphthongs Practice

Articulatory Rounding Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials ◮ So far, the parameters for describing vowels involve Review the position of the tongue... IPA: The Vowels The Articulatory Phonetics ◮ But another difference involves the lips: ‘ rounding ’ of Vowels Vowel Height ◮ Whether the lips are ‘rounded’ (puckered) when you Vowel Backness Lip Rounding make the sound Tenseness Diphthongs The Major Diphthongs ◮ To feel this, alternately say “heat” and “hoot” The Minor Diphthongs Practice ◮ “Hoot”: your lips are puckered and extended ◮ “Heat”: your lips are not puckered in this way