aquatic plants and their control in the south
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Aquatic Plants and Their Control In the South Chuck Cichra S - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aquatic Plants and Their Control In the South Chuck Cichra S chool of Forest Resources & Conservation Program in Fisheries & Aquatic S ciences cecichra@ ufl.edu Overview of Talk Bryan has done an excellent j ob of


  1. Aquatic Plants and Their Control “In the South” Chuck Cichra S chool of Forest Resources & Conservation Program in Fisheries & Aquatic S ciences cecichra@ ufl.edu

  2. Overview of Talk ● Bryan has done an excellent j ob of summarizing aquatic plant biology and control! ● Nutrients / eutrophication / fertilization ● When do plants become weeds (expectations) ● Integrated plant management ● Herbicide active ingredients vs trade names ● Herbicide toxicities ● Aquatic weeds in southern ponds ● Managing livestock to reduce weed problems in ponds

  3. All Plants Need Water, Light, and Nutrients

  4. Aquatic Plants are No Different

  5. Algae and Phytoplankton are Small Plants

  6. Amount of Chlorophyll (algae) in the Water is Closely Related to the Amount of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Water Data from 60 Florida Lakes

  7. Water clarity vs ‘Algae’

  8. Fertilization – Purposeful Addition of Nutrients to the Water

  9. Fish blocknet data on 60 Florida lakes 250 200 Blocknet Total Fish (kg/ha) 150 100 50 0 Oligotrophic Mesotrophic Eutrophic Hypereutrophic Trophic State (chlorophyll)

  10. Clear to Green! Add fertilizer! “Shade out the macrophytes” I personally don’t recommend fertilizing

  11. Given time, macrophytes will also increase in abundance!

  12. When do plants become weeds? Depends on our goals for the water body our expectations “ Beauty is in the eye of the beholder!”

  13. Expectations of Ponds ( plants - lots to none ) • Water treatment – Settling of particulates – Dissolved nutrient removal • Aesthetics • Wildlife habitat • Wetland Mitigation • Fishing (20-30%) • Boating • Water hazards • Livestock watering • Flood control • Irrigation • Swimming

  14. Let’s talk about Aquatic Weed Control – We’ve come a long way!

  15. Methods Used to Control Aquatic Weeds Hand removal / Harvesting Grass carp Pond dyes Herbicides (Nutrient removal)

  16. DON’T WANT THIS!

  17. Most People Believe Toxins Cause Most Fish Kills

  18. Herbicides registered for aquatic use

  19. Aquatic Herbicide Toxicity (ppm)

  20. Turf and Ornamental Irrigation Restrictions - Read the Label!

  21. What are Some of the Common Weeds in the South?

  22. Planktonic Algae Single cells • Suspended in water • “Green water” •

  23. Filamentous Algae

  24. Floating Plants

  25. Duckweeds

  26. Watermeal Proper ID!

  27. Mosquito fern Fire Ant Control!

  28. Water Hyacinth Look Nice: But! 1 Plant = 1 Acre in 1 Year!

  29. Water Lettuce Possibly Exotic

  30. Emergent Plants

  31. Cattails

  32. Dollarweed or Penneywort (Hydrocotyl)

  33. Torpedograss ( exotic )

  34. Opposite leaves Alligatorweed Scaly flowers Root at nodes Hollow stems

  35. Alligatorweed Exotic Biocontrol!

  36. Primrose Willow

  37. Floating-Leaved Plants

  38. Water Shield (a.k.a. – Snot Bonnet )

  39. Fragrant Water Lilly

  40. Spatterdock / Cow Lilly / Bonnets

  41. Submergent Plants

  42. Southern Naiad

  43. Coontail

  44. Parrot Feather

  45. Bladderwort Carnivorous!

  46. Hydrilla Hydrilla Exotic

  47. What herbicide is ‘best’ for control? Effectiveness of Herbicide Active Ingredients for Aquatic Weed Control Endothall 2,4-D Glyph Ima- Tri- Carfentra Diqu Coppe Fluri- Penox- Imaza- Hydrogen o- zapy clopy - Hydrotho Granul Liqui at r 1 done 2 sulam 2 mox peroxide Aquathol sate r r zone l ar d FLOATING Duckweed * * G * F * E * * * * E * * Watermeal * * * * * * F * * * F G * * Water fern * * E * * * E * * * E E * * Mosquito fern * * E * * * E * * * E E * * Water hyacinth * * E * E F * G E E F E E * Water lettuce * * E * * F * F E * E E G * Frog's bit * * E * * * * * E F * E E * Alligatorweed * * * * F * * G E G * F E * Also, submersed, emersed, and algae Source: Efficacy of Herbicide Active Ingredients Against Aquatic Weeds K. Langeland, M. Netherland, and W. Haller (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag262)

  48. Livestock and Ponds Nutrient source Bank erosion Increase turbidity Create shallow areas

  49. What if the pond is needed to water livestock? Fence the pond off from livestock and provide a small area for livestock to access the water – add gravel to slow erosion

  50. What if the pond is needed to water livestock? Use stock tank with either gravity-fed or solar powered water-level control valve (fence pond) Check your local US DA-NRCS office for cost sharing

  51. Questions? • Please complete the webinar evaluation: http:/ / bit.ly/ PondMgt • To learn more about ANREP visit our website at: www.anrep.org • You can watch the archived version of this webinar at: http:/ / www.anrep.org/ resources/ anrep-webinars/ Thank you!

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