and frequency regulation Dr. Bernd Srries Rome, 26.09.2018 0 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Internet of Things, autonomous driving and frequency regulation Dr. Bernd Sörries Rome, 26.09.2018 0 Funded by the European Union

Agenda  Definition of IoT  Requirements and allocation/assignment of frequencies  IoT and Standardisation of technologies  Use case „Smart Mobility“ (autonomous driving) 1 Funded by the European Union

Definition of IoT?  IoT uses cases vary extremely Illustration of M2M-solution M2M system solution sensors Physical M2M M2M Business Network item element application process actors Wide Area Network (WAN)/ Local Area Network (LAN) Quelle: Büllingen/Börnsen (2015) nach Höller et al. (2014). 2 Funded by the European Union

Definition of IoT?  Definition and Clustering of terms dealing with Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 and Machine-to-Machine-Communication or Cyber-physical systems vary:  No clear cut definition,  B2B like B2B2C (e.g. Connected Car, E-Health)  Internet of Things (IoT):  Enabling connectivity of various things and machines  Different networks, different purposes, different requirements 3 Funded by the European Union

Definition of IoT?  Machine-to-Machine-Communication (M2M)  Automated exchange of information without any human interference (traffic steering, grid automation etc.)  Direct mode communication or use of centralized platforms  IoT covers also Wearables etc. 4 Funded by the European Union

What means IoT?  Cyber-physical systems (CPS)  Networking in complex systems, functions and data exchange of physical, biological and possibly other components with the help of information technology and software  The human-machine interface (e.g. Smart Factory, Smart Mobility, Smart Grid) is generally included. 5 Funded by the European Union

Worldwide IoT-connections Worldwide Europe Year Ericsson Cisco GSMA 2016 5,6 Mrd. 5,8 Mrd. 87,8 Mio. 2020/2021/2022 17,6 Mrd. 13,7 Mrd. / 18 Mrd. 182 Mio. Source: LS telecom/VVA/Policy Tracker. 6 Funded by the European Union

Requirements and use of frequencies  Current situation  Narrowband applications and technologies (e.g. WiFi, Bluetooth, use of license exempt frequencies (assignment procedure: general authorisation)  In the midterm future  Use of exclusive frequency to match requirements like low latency, high technical availability, deep indoor, resiliency :  Frequencies  Use of already assigned frequencies in 700/800/1800/2600 MHz  3,4 GHz - 3,8 GHz frequencies for 5G-IoT-use cases  Dedicated frequencies for special services (Smart Grid, PPDR)  New network technologies (network slicing)  Deployment (resiliency) 7 Funded by the European Union

RSPG-Guide RSPG roadmap for frequencies facilitating IoT in Europe 8 Quelle: RSPG (2016). Funded by the European Union

IoT-Technologies and Status of Standardisation (I) Complex eco system of wireless technologies Standardisation Technology Data rate Frequencies Comments approach eMTC (enhanced for machine More expensive technology type communications) (also 3GPP 1 Mbps licensed than other LPWAs with higher known as LTE-M or LTE Cat- Standardisation data rates M1) Software upgrade to existing NB (narrowband)-IoT (or LTE 20 - 60 3GPP infrastructure and less licensed Cat-NB1) Kbps Standardisation expensive than other LPWA technologies Software upgrade to existing 3GPP EC (extended coverage)-GSM 10 Kbps licensed infrastructure, but less good Standardisation than NBIoT Developed by 250 bps - Semtech, A growing ecosystem with LoRaWAN license free 50 Kbps standardization runs certified devices under LoRa Alliance 9 Funded by the European Union Quelle: Cambridge Consultants (2017).

IoT-Technologies and Status of Standardisation (II) Data Standardisation Technology Frequencies Comments rate approach Weightless N. licence-free So far a limited commercial Weightless various Weightless P. licence-free Weightless SIG activity Weightless W. TV whitespaces Bluetooth Low In consumer electronics strongly Standardisation of Energy various licence-free adapted for short-range Bluetooth SIG (BLE) communication 802.15.4 is 802.15.4 standardized by IEEE, Supports short-range mesh (ZigBee und various licence-free ZigBee and Thread networks Tread build on it) additionally use protocols Developed to enable IoT from the outset, but standardization is only both 5G various 3GPP Standardisation at the very beginning, only licence-free and licenced available on a larger scale in a few years' time 10 Funded by the European Union Quelle: Cambridge Consultants (2017).

Is 5G the answer?  Latency (Delay): 1 ms - second  User per cell (Links per km 2 ): fex - millions: Massive Machine Type Communication  Data rates (Throughput): Ultra-high - low  Ultra-reliable communication (URC) - best effort Source: http://www.huawei.com/5gwhitepaper/ - last access: Sept. 2015 11 Funded by the European Union

5G system for IoT 12 Quelle: 5G Initiative Team, NGMN 5G White Paper, 2015, https://www.ngmn.org/uploads/media/NGMN-5G-White-Paper-V1-0.pdf Funded by the European Union

IoT applications and the frequency authorization regime preferred by users (I) Preferred authorisation regime Applications Characteristics expressed by stakeholders Private commons might be feasible in Ultra-reliable low latency communications order to remotely connect to the grid. (URLLC): Applications for maintenance Remote connections to grid systems The exclusive licensee could give services for grid systems after electricity needed access to its spectrum for the time network failure detections needed to do the maintenance Ultra-reliable low latency communications Rely on end-to-end service guarantees (URLLC): Critical infrastructure (e.g. high- Individual exclusive licenses (independent of network load voltage grids) Ultra-reliable low latency communications Rely on end-to-end service guarantees Individual exclusive licenses (URLLC): Factory automation applications Ultra-reliable low latency communications Require high QoS and low latency Individual exclusive licenses (URLLC):: Fault localisation Ultra-reliable low latency communications Require high QoS Individual exclusive licenses (URLLC): Identification in smart grids It can work without dedicated spectrum, shared spectrum solution is considered Data collection from measurement points beneficial (e.g. reducing spectrum with latency requirements cited in the range Massive machine type communications acquisition costs, improving time taken of one to several seconds. The spectrum is (mMTC): Smart metering to access spectrum).32 It could also rely used to transfer information from remote on license exempt spectrum, as long as sensors to a central point. there is no lack of communication for several hours. - table continued next page - 13 Funded by the European Union

IoT applications and the frequency authorization regime preferred by users (II) Preferred authorisation regime Applications Characteristics expressed by stakeholders The need of spectrum is not predictable, as Ultra-reliable low latency communications it depends on high voltage peaks and the (URLLC): Transmission system operators Individual exclusive licenses associated very sophisticated QoS (TSOs) demands. Monitoring and controlling train movements. Ultra-reliable low latency communications Stringent requirements for availability and Individual exclusive licenses (URLLC): Train control, Platooning QoS, Interoperability requirements. Individual exclusive licenses, supported Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB): High Improved peak/average/cell-edge data in a local service area by a license throughput and capacity in localised hot rates, capacity and coverage exempt, light licensing, or a licensed spot and congested areas shared access approach Ultra-reliable low latency communications Requirement for emerging critical (URLLC): other examples including remote applications have stringent requirements for Individual exclusive licenses surgery, intelligent transport, capabilities such as throughput, latency and infrastructure protection availability. Source: Policy Tracker/VVA/LS telecom (2017) 14 Funded by the European Union

Current European measures (I)  Relaxation of technical conditions of use in the 862 - 868 MHz frequency band (Short Range Devices)  Initiative to make available parts of the 870 - 876 MHz and 915 - 921 MHz band  Creation of usage possibilities of the 1900 – 1920 MHz band  CEPT for BDA2GC ( Broadband Direct Air-to-ground Communications ), a frequency band that has so far been little used  Directional radio frequencies or point-to-multipoint frequencies for IoT 15 Funded by the European Union

Current European measures (II)  Standardisation and enabling the use of IoT in frequency bands allocated to mobile communications (under 3GPP)  Extended range (GSM for IoT) (EC-GSM-IoT), Performance upgrade to EGPRS for M2M, global cellular IoT for all GSM markets  LTE-eMTC, LTE Evolution for massive MTC approved under 3GPP Release 13  Narrowband frequency technology on the LTE platform for the provision of low cost massive MTC (NB-IoT)  Contribution of the EU Commission to standardisation 16 Funded by the European Union