The future of science, food regulation and dealing with the fear Martin Cole | Deputy Director of Agriculture and Food 5 th March 2019 AGRICULTURE AND FOOD
Outline • Global food megatrends and food safety • Emerging science and impact on food regulation • Food, the consumer and managing the fear • Roadmap towards modernisation 2 |
Food and Agribusiness Megatrends A LESS PREDICTABLE PLANET HEALTH ON THE MIND CHOOSEY CUSTOMERS ONE WORLD SMARTER FOOD CHAINS Source(s): CSIRO Futures 2017 Food and Agribusiness A Roadmap for unlocking value-adding growth opportunities for Australia 3 |
So Where Do We Focus For Future Growth? CSIRO Futures 2017. Food and Agribusiness: A Roadmap unlocking growth opportunities for Australia 4 |
Enablers and the role for technology ENABLER EXAMPLE S&T SOLUTIONS • Blockchain • DNA-testing Traceability and provenance • Isotope analysis • Barcoding and image recognition technologies • Hybrid high pressure processing • Advanced packaging Food safety and biosecurity • Microwave assisted thermal sterilisation • Blockchain and bio-sensing • Sensors and data analytics Market • intelligence and Artificial Intelligence access • E-commerce for perishable products Source(s): CSIRO Futures 2017 Food and Agribusiness A Roadmap for unlocking value-adding growth opportunities for Australia
Food Safety: A Global Public Health Issue • 31 foodborne hazards resulted in 33 million DALYS (Disability Adjusted Life Years) in 2010 – Shows considerable impact of contaminated food • WHO (2012) – key hazards & risk factors: – Malaria: 55 million DALYs Ministerial level – Tuberculosis: 44 million DALYs – (HIV/AIDS: 92 million DALYs) Burden of FBD at 33 million DALYs of similar magnitude to at least 2 of Africa’s biggest infectious diseases Lucia Anelich 6 |
1992 E.coli Hamburgers Salmonella not 100s cases, 4 deaths >$160 million tomatoes, $250 million 1996 E.coli Apple juice 10s cases 1 death >$12 million 2007 Salmonella peanut butter 600 cases, no deaths 1998 Listeria sliced meats 2006 E.coli Spinach, $133 million 100s cases, 21 deaths >$100 million 100s cases 3 deaths, $350 million 2007 Melamine pet foods Salmonella peanut 14 pet deaths >$74 million products Jane McGrath "10 Costly Food Recalls" 12 March 2009. 600 cases, 9 deaths HowStuffWorks.com. <http://money.howstuffworks.com/10-food-recalls.htm> $70 million 20 November 2016 7
Food Safety a top concern to Chinese Public 2015 Source(s):USCBC 2016 Food Safety in China; Pew Research Center 2015 China Report 8 |
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Food Safety Scares have led to major reforms at national and international levels • BSE, dioxin , EFSA, EU • Fresh produce, Peanut Butter, botulism , FSMA, US • Contaminated beef, slice meats , Safe Food for Canadians, Canada • Fake foods, microbial and chemical contamination , FSL, China New Risk Management Framework, ICMSF/CODEX Emergence of Private Standards 10 |
Risk-based use of preventative controls in the production chain of fresh produce Production & Primary Handling Processing & Packaging Distribution & Shelf-life Minimizing Minimizing Minimum Reducing initial levels an increase Standards levels in levels Water management Choice of fertilizer Sanitation of equipment Temperature management Processing & Washing steps Rapid cooling Choice of storage atmosphere Environmental surveillance Hygiene of personnel Shelf-life Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Good Agricultural Practice (GAPs) Good Manufacturing Practice (GMPs) Hazard Analysis Critical Control (HACCP) Performance Standards Guidelines/Regulations Testimony before the US House of Representatives 10 "Food and Drug Administration Globalization Act of 2009”, March 11, 2009
The Omics Revolution and Food Safety R&D Metagenomics Detection of pathogens in mixed cultures Subtyping; characterization of new and Whole Cell Genomics emerging pathogens and transmission routes Epigenetics Situation-specific phenotypic traits Characterising response to stress Metabolomics Proteomics Transcriptomics 12 |
Food Safety: In a State of Transformation Prepared by Cornerstone Capital Group for the Investor Responsibility Research Center Institute July 2016 13 |
Genomics and Listeria monocytogenes survival Behavior and survival : 300 Number of isolates Australia • growth at low temperature Genomics and informatics : identify genes responsible 200 100 Maximum Specific Growth Rate (h -1 ) 0 3 1 204 121 155 2 9 324 122 120 4 7 Genotype No. Unique Australian genotypes Ecology: Australian and global genotypes Epidemiology of genotypes: • clinical vs food sources • not all genotypes clinically relevant Evidence based • genotypes from meat and fruit overlap regulation Isolate with clinical more than dairy Identify risks More targeted controls (Narelle Fegan and CSIRO Food Safety team) 14 F&N Science and Impact Review 2015_Feeding Megacities | Narelle Fegan |
Enhanced analytical techniques and screening for chemical contaminants ( John DeVries, Medallion Labs, NCFST Annual Meeting 2010) http://www.perkinelmer.com/catalog/product/id/lx100952-a 15 |
New Assessment techniques for chemical contaminants Intervention studies, human biomarkers and Acrylamide Re-assessment based on epidemiology Gerhard Eisenbrand 16 |
Foods for 2025 ? Various sources, Google Images 17 |
Sustainability – Initiatives & Need The Food Gap Taking into account a growing population and shifting diets, the world will need to produce 69% more food calories in 2050 than we did in 2006. Source(s): CB Insights 2018 The Future Of Protein I www.un.org I WRI 2016 Shifting Diets for a Sustainable Food Future 18 |
Alternative Proteins Landscape • These start-ups are shifting away from animal-based protein sources to develop everything from plant-based burgers to dairy-free cheeses to imitation shrimp, and more. • Meat and dairy substitutes have seen especially strong momentum in this space • Startups are disrupting the meat production value chain through the development of high-tech protein products — threatening established players like Tyson, which is an aggressive participant in the alternative protein movement. • Meat substitute start-ups are not only competing with prepared and frozen meats, but are also creating alternative snacks. Source(s): CB Insights 2018 The Future of Protein 19 |
New Food Processing Technologies Microwave Pulsed Electric Fields High Pressure Ultrasonics/ Megasonics Cool Plasma 20 |
High Pressure Technology going mainstream Meat products 30% Vegetable products 34% Seafood and fish 14% Juices and Other products beverages 9% 13% Source: Andrew Gibb, Coldpress
New Breeding Technologies (Allan Green)
Transformative GM Technologies Boosting photosynthesis Fixing Heterosis Novel oils Broad-spectrum through Apomixis Disease Resistance Nitrogen- Pest-resistant legumes Biofortified foods Fixing Plants NH 3 N 2 (John Manners)
Top trends in digital transformation in food and agriculture sector • Harmonised food safety information • Big data analytics • Rapid detection methods • Advanced food safety software • Emerging food safety technological innovations (Frost and Sulivan) 24 |
(I)IoT – (Industrial) Internet of Things IoT is a network of intelligent computers, devices, and objects that collect and share huge amounts of data. The collected data is sent to a central Cloud-based service where it is aggregated with other data and then shared with end users in a helpful way. Source(s): F&S 2017 IIoT in Agriculture I Inductive Automation (https://inductiveautomation.com/what-is-iiot) 25 |
Supply chain integrity Value Chain Traceable Ag Tech “On - farm” “Post - harvest” Farm to Fork – Requires integrating Ag Tech and Traceable Value Chain solutions through IoT. Source(s): F&S 2017 IIoT In Agriculture I F&S 2018 Traceable Value Chains and Authentication in the APAC Food Industry - Forecast to 2023 I UN https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs 26 |
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