An overview of the DUNE 35 ton prototype at Fermilab Thomas Karl - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

An overview of the DUNE 35 ton prototype at Fermilab Thomas Karl Warburton New Perspectives June 13 2016

DUNE - Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment Far Detector at depth of Wide band neutrino beam with 4800 ft, to suppress peak energy 2.5 GeV, and an cosmogenic background initial flux of 1.2 MW which can be upgraded to over 2 MW. • The flagship experiment of America’s Neutrino program, due to start taking data in 2024, and beam data in 2026 with 10 kton active LAr. • Full completion of four modules by early 2030’s. • Staged construction of 4 x 10 kton fiducial LAr detectors. • The detector will be a single phase LArTPC. • Will have a high precision near detector, technology still to be decided. • Designed to have a very rich neutrino oscillation programme, plus searches for nucleon decay and neutrinos from supernova bursts. 2 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

The path to realising DUNE DUNE SP PT @ CERN Single-Phase 35-t prototype ICARUS LBL 2015 2018 SBL MicroBooNE SBND 2018 2016 Dual-Phase WA105: 1x1x3 m 3 WA105 • Neutrino platforms at both CERN and Fermilab provide important development and prototyping paths. 3 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

The 35 ton prototype • Designed as one of a series of prototypes for LBNE. • Absorbed into the prototyping effort for DUNE. • Phase I, Jan 2014. • Demonstrate that a membrane cryostat can hold LAr at high purity. • Phase II, Nov 2015 - Mar 2016 • Test detector design and readout technologies for Schematic of the 35 ton cryostat DUNE. 4 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

Purity during Phase I run 5 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

The 35 ton Phase II • An important step in developing the FD. • Detector design features: • Wrapped wire planes • Multiple drift volumes • Cold electronics • Triggerless DAQ operation • FR4 printed circuit board field cage • Light-guide style photon detectors • All items are part of the FD design and before December Schematic of the 35 ton phase II 2015 all but one had not been demonstrated to work in an integrated system. 6 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

The cosmic ray counters • Layers of plastic scintillator panels. • Used for triggered running. • Activated when have a ‘coincidence’ on two oppositely facing counters. • Orientated to give maximal coverage of the detector. • Particles crossing APAs • Particles traversing detector • Particles travelling vertically • Allow interaction times to be Labelled diagram of the 35 ton counters used for triggering data assigned to cosmic events during continuous running 7 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

Purity during Phase II run Liquid Argon purity and electron lifetime during the phase II run 6 PrM2&3, both long PrMs midway heights in cryostat (these lifetimes may drop a bit ~10% Site wide power outage if using PrM0 as a constraint) 4.5 Electron Lifetime (ms) 3 LN2 Cooling Loss Pump start Tubing break 1.5 Preliminary 0 2/11/16 2/20 2/29 3/9 3/19 Date • Same purity level achieved as in Phase I, which was quickly recoverable. • Purity level in 35 ton is cryostat limited, not detector component limited. 8 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

Event display for a through-going muon Collection Plane Tick Induction Plane Wire Dead wires Induction Plane Deposited charge on a colour scale • Orientation of wire planes and track angles triggered on leads to: • Good collection plane coverage - strong signals on many wires. • One plane seeing charge deposited on many wires - weak signals on many wires. • One plane seeing charge deposited on few wires - strong signals on few wires. 9 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

Event display for an electromagnetic shower • Event display after noise mitigation is shown. • ‘Stuck’ ADCs are Time tick (500 ns) removed. • Coherent noise is removed. • A frequency filter is applied. • Stronger signals due to more deposited charge. Wire number 10 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

Hit disambiguation using cosmic ray counters • Due to wrapping disambiguation is required. • Existing algorithm assumes ‘triple points’ • Absence of induction signal can cause a hit to be discarded as noise. • Counters offer a method of performing disambiguation. • Hits have to be within a 3 dimensional coincidence window. • Removes noise hits. • However, tracks which did not produce a counter coincidence are discarded. • Can use unambiguous collection plane signals to constrain ambiguous induction signals. Collection plane hits in the XZ plane Preliminary X Position (cm) Z Position (cm) 11 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

Reconstructed tracks Preliminary • Digitised waveforms Col X (cm) shown on the left • Same structure as Ind Z (cm) Tick previous event displays. • Fourth window shows Ind Y (cm) reconstructed hits in Wire orange. Z (cm) • Three dimensional view Col Preliminary shown on the right. X (cm) • XZ plane shown in top Ind window Z (cm) Tick • YZ plane shown in Ind bottom window Y (cm) • X position of tracks is Wire Z (cm) not corrected. 12 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

Ongoing Analyses • Using Michel electrons to study • Measuring purity with TPC data, crude energy resolution. analysis shown below. • Event time resolution of the photon • Measuring longitudinal and transverse detectors. diffusion. • Interaction time assignment from • Using through going muons to study APA gap width. photon detectors, initial result shown • Using through going muons to study below charge collected in the centres of APAs. • Signal/Noise ratio of the TPC. Difference in counter and SIPM time Crude measurement of purity Alex Booth, Lancaster Charge (ADC) Jonathan Insler, LSU Preliminary Preliminary Counts Time in ticks (500 ns) Time (us) 13 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

Conclusions • Phase II of the 35 ton showed that cryostat purity was not instrumentation limited. • Cosmic ray counters will play an important role in data analysis of the 35 ton. • Developing tools to recover from low signal / noise in the data. • Lots of analyses are progressing nicely. • The 35 ton is a vital stepping stone in building the DUNE far detectors. • As Bruce said, exciting times lie ahead! 14 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

Backup slides 15 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

Schematic of the detector with two counter coincidences z = 0cm 0 0 0 1 111 111 0 0 2 3 4 5 SU3 SL4 111 111 0 0 6 7 111 111 z = 154cm z = 309cm ~30cm X = -7cm 16 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

Stuck ADC code removal ADC Vectors with and without Stuck 6 LSBs • Stuck codes were observed in ADC ADC Counts Pre-sticky ADC codes 1880 Sticky ADC codes applied Sticky ADC code mitigation chips, this can be recovered by 1860 removing latched values and extrapolating between neighbouring 1840 samples. • A redesign of the chip is being tested 1820 for future use. 1800 • Code developed by Jonathan Insler, presented here. 1780 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 Time (ticks) Raw signal Unstick signal plus fast hit 17 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

The Wiener frequency filter FFT of signal FFT of noise U plane U plane • Spike in noise frequency around 0 (S 2 -N 2 )/(S 2 +N 2 ) frequency. Z plane • Collection plane signal goes to very low frequency, so want to keep all but the very lowest frequencies. • Induction planes have more of a peaked structure, with little components at the lowest frequencies. 18 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

LAr TPC concept 19 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

LAr TPC concept 20 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

LAr TPC concept 21 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab

LAr TPC concept • A step-by-step guide as to how hits are combined into tracks. • The first image shows raw signals • The second image shows the signals being reconstructed into hits • The third image shows clusters being combined into tracks. • The 35 ton has and DUNE will have, a step between images 2 and 3 where due to the wrapped wires, hits have to be disambiguated as to which part of a wire the hit was on. 22 Karl Warburton, An Overview of the DUNE 35 Ton Prototype at Fermilab