An MRRDC Short Course: Influent Characterization for Wastewater - PDF document

1/25/2018 An MRRDC Short Course: Influent Characterization for Wastewater Modeling Thursday, January 25, 2018 1 – 3 p.m. ET 1

1/25/2018 How to Participate Today • Audio Modes • Listen using Mic & S peakers • Or, select “ Use Telephone” and dial the conference (please remember long distance phone charges apply). • Submit your questions using the Questions pane. • A recording will be available for replay shortly after this webcast. Today’s Moderator John B. Copp Ph.D. Primodal Inc. Hamilton, Ontario 2

1/25/2018 Influent – Jan. 25, 2018 An MRRDC Short Course Influent Characterization for Wastewater Modeling • Topics: • Introduction to Influent Characterisation • Influent Characterisation Methods • Modelling Case Studies Influent – Jan. 25, 2018 An MRRDC Short Course Influent Characterization for Wastewater Modeling • Speakers: Chris Tanush Alyssa Matt Bye Wadhawan Mayer Tebow EnviroSim Dynamita Hazen&Sawyer Kimley-Horn 3

1/25/2018 Christopher Bye, Ph.D., P .Eng. Wastewater Characterization Introduction – Why it is Important 4

1/25/2018 Introduction • Influent wastewater composition has a significant impact on WRRF operation and performance  S ludge production and disposal costs  Nutrient removal system performance Introduction • Historically, our industry has focussed on measurement / monitoring of effluent • Obviously, this is an important driver! • Influent monitoring often minimal  Frequency ( e.g. a few samples a week)  Parameters ( e.g. BOD and TS S ? ) 5

1/25/2018 Why Does Influent Matter? • Modern treatment facilities being asked to do more and more • Trend now is to refer to WWTPs as WRRFs – W ater R esource R ecovery F acilities! • Also a concerted effort to lower energy usage – aiming for neutrality or net- positive generation! Why Does Influent Matter? • Analysis required to achieve these goals beyond steady state design spreadsheets • Engineers use computer modeling for analysis 6

1/25/2018 Why Does Influent Matter? • More input than j ust BOD and TS S Process Model Variables: Process Inputs: Biological Reactions Wastewater Characteristics Physical/ Chemical Loadings Secondary Dynamic Patterns Clarifier Anaerobic Anoxic Aerobic Influent Zone Zone Zone Process Configuration: Flow Routing Unit S izes Reactor S taging Process Operating Recycle S treams Conditions: Recycle Rates WERF Methods of Wastewater DO Control S etpoints Characterization for Activated Sludge Modeling (2003) What’s in Wastewater? • Complex mix of organics and inorganics • “ Wastewater characteristics” refers to partitioning components into categories • Defined according to how the components behave in / impact the activated sludge process 7

1/25/2018 What’s in Wastewater? • This discussion will focus on chemical oxygen demand (COD) rather than BOD • Why? What’s in Wastewater? • BOD…  Only measures the organics used for respiration, ignores what is converted to bacterial biomass  Ignores unbiodegradable particulate BOD 8

1/25/2018 What’s in Wastewater? • COD…  Measures electron-donating potential of organics  Captures all organics, can be used in mass balance COD Consumed COD INF COD EFF MASS BALANCE COD WAS What’s in Wastewater? Total Influent COD COD T,INF Unbiodegradable COD Biodegradable COD Biomass Soluble Particulate Readily Slowly Unbiodegradable Unbiodegradable Biodegradable Biodegradable RBCOD (S BS ) SBCOD (X S ) S US X UP Colloidal Particulate Complex SCFA S BSC S BSA X SC X SP 9

1/25/2018 First Level of Characteristics • Is the influent organic material: Biodegradable 1. Unbiodegradable 2. Active biomass 3. • Cannot determine divisions with only BOD and TS S ! Biodegradable portion Total Influent COD COD T,INF Biomass Biodegradable COD Unbiodegradable COD Soluble Particulate Readily Slowly Biodegradable Biodegradable Unbiodegradable Unbiodegradable RBCOD (S BS ) SBCOD (X S ) S US X UP Complex SCFA Colloidal Particulate S BSC S BSA X SC X SP • S ubdivided into “ readily” and “ slowly” biodegradable 10

1/25/2018 Biodegradable portion Total Influent COD COD T,INF Biomass Biodegradable COD Unbiodegradable COD Soluble Particulate Readily Slowly Biodegradable Biodegradable Unbiodegradable Unbiodegradable S US X UP RBCOD (S BS ) SBCOD (X S ) Colloidal Particulate Complex SCFA S BSC S BSA X SC X SP • “ Readily” portion consists of small molecules organisms rapidly take up and consume • “ S lowly” portion consists of larger molecules requiring extracellular breakdown before uptake and use Unbiodegradable portion Total Influent COD COD T,INF Biomass Biodegradable COD Unbiodegradable COD Soluble Particulate Readily Slowly Biodegradable Biodegradable Unbiodegradable Unbiodegradable RBCOD (S BS ) SBCOD (X S ) S US X UP Complex SCFA Colloidal Particulate S BSC S BSA X SC X SP • Material not degraded under conditions typically found in WRRFs 11

1/25/2018 Unbiodegradable portion Total Influent COD COD T,INF Biomass Biodegradable COD Unbiodegradable COD Soluble Particulate Readily Slowly Biodegradable Biodegradable Unbiodegradable Unbiodegradable S US X UP RBCOD (S BS ) SBCOD (X S ) Colloidal Particulate Complex SCFA S BSC S BSA X SC X SP • S oluble portion passes through WRRF  Generally not a concern since not often a discharge limit (perhaps for industrial WW) Unbiodegradable portion Total Influent COD COD T,INF Biomass Biodegradable COD Unbiodegradable COD Soluble Particulate Readily Slowly Biodegradable Biodegradable Unbiodegradable Unbiodegradable RBCOD (S BS ) SBCOD (X S ) S US X UP Complex SCFA Colloidal Particulate S BSC S BSA X SC X SP • Particulate portion forms significant portion of primary and/ or or waste activated sludge  Impacts plant sludge production and digestibility 12

1/25/2018 Active biomass portion Total Influent COD COD T,INF Biomass Biodegradable COD Unbiodegradable COD Soluble Particulate Readily Slowly Biodegradable Biodegradable Unbiodegradable Unbiodegradable S US X UP RBCOD (S BS ) SBCOD (X S ) Colloidal Particulate Complex SCFA S BSC S BSA X SC X SP • Historically thought to be very low (< 2% of influent total COD) Active biomass portion Total Influent COD COD T,INF Biomass Biodegradable COD Unbiodegradable COD Readily Slowly Soluble Particulate Biodegradable Biodegradable Unbiodegradable Unbiodegradable S US X UP RBCOD (S BS ) SBCOD (X S ) Colloidal Particulate Complex SCFA S BSC S BSA X SC X SP • More recent research has shown it can be significant ( e.g. > 10% ) 13

1/25/2018 Why Does It Matter? Examples! • Readily Biodegradable COD Portion • Impact on oxygen demand Why Does It Matter? Examples! 14

1/25/2018 Why Does It Matter? Examples! • Readily Biodegradable COD Portion • Impact on bioP performance Why Does It Matter? Examples! 15

1/25/2018 Why Does It Matter? Examples! • Unbiodegradable Particulate COD Portion • Impact on digester performance Why Does It Matter? Examples! 16

1/25/2018 Why Does It Matter? Examples! Why Does It Matter? Examples! • Active Biomass COD Portion • Impact on primary sludge fermenter 17

1/25/2018 Why Does It Matter? Examples! Conclusions • Influent characterization the most important part of any modeling j ob • Influent composition affects everything – liquid AND solids trains • Modeling 101: “ Garbage in = Garbage out” 18

1/25/2018 Up Next… • How to measure wastewater characteristics for model input • Case studies: large plants • Case studies: small plants Next Speaker Tanush Wadhawan, Ph.D. Dynamita, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 19

1/25/2018 Methods for Wastewater Characterization in Activated S ludge Modeling Tanush Wadhawan, PhD Dynamita Key outline points • Methodologies in influent characterization • Making sense of the measurements • Converting measurements into model inputs 20

1/25/2018 Sampling technique • Grab sample - A sample taken from one point and time  Gives an idea of what is happening right then. • Composite sample  Multiple samples taken from one point at multiple times and integrated together for analysis  Pulled from a location that provides a composite  Multiple grab samples at different flow periods  Averaging over the course of a day Analytical Requirements Grab required Grab or Composite • Alkalinity • BOD5, CBOD, COD • Oil and grease • Nitrogen species – TN, NO3-N, NHx-N • pH • S olids –TS S , VS S • Temperature • Phosphorus 21

1/25/2018 Chain of custody • Name of person collecting sample • Each person having custody (w/ date and time) • S ample number and S ample description • Qc/ Qa • Required for lab validation of results COD fractions & their impact S = soluble C = colloidal Total Influent COD X = part iculate T COD VF A = volat ile fat t y acid B = biodegradable U = unbiodegradable OHO = ordinary het erot rophs E = endogenous decay product s BIO = biomass Filtered COD Particulate COD S C COD = S U + S B + S VFA +C B + C U X COD • N removal performance • Anoxic tank size • Aeration taper • P removal performance Filtered Flocculated COD Colloidal COD S COD = S U + S B + S C COD = C U + C B VFA X BIO =0 X E =0 S S S C B C U X B X U X OHO except B U VFA OHO 22