ITU ¡Kaleidoscope ¡2014 ¡ Living ¡in ¡a ¡converged ¡world ¡-‑ ¡impossible ¡without ¡standards? ¡ ¡ An experimental test bed for the evaluation of the hidden terminal problems on the IEEE 802.15.5 standard David Rodenas-Herraiz, Antonio-Javier Garcia-Sanchez, Felipe Garcia-Sanchez and Joan Garcia-Haro Department of Information and Communications Technologies Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena (Spain) 1 ¡
Summary • Motivation • IEEE 802.15.5 – Mesh ¡Network ¡Forma0on ¡ – Asynchronous ¡Energy ¡Saving ¡Mode ¡ • Architecture and Implementation • Performance Evaluation Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 2 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs) Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) ¡ Wireless Mesh Sensor Network (WMSN) ¡ Destination Wireless sensor platform: TelosB device provided by MEMSIC Inc. Mesh capability Link Scalability Energy reliability efficiency Self-organization Source Interoperability Robustness Security … Multi-hop mesh routing Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 3 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs) 216 surveyed industrial automation professionals and end users (%) 75% have installed or planed a Wireless Sensor Network 75% consider employing IEEE 802.15.4 -based WSNs including mesh capability 20% intend to exclusively use Wireless Mesh Sensor Network solutions Fig. 1.3. Trend shown by the industrial automation market in the last few years. On World (Hatler et al. , 2012) By 2016, 39% applications and services will be uniquely enabled by Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Mesh Networks (LR-WPAN Mesh) (Hatler et al. , 2012) Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 4 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs) Smart Santander City Up to 12.000 nodes deployed in Santander (Spain) to create a Smart City Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 5 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs) GreenOrbs More than 1000 nodes deployed in TianMu Mountain, Zhejiang (China), for long-term ecological surveillance Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 6 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs) Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 7 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs) Feature NA Multi-hop mesh routing ü û û û ü NA û û ü ü ü NA NA Scalability û û û ü ü ü ü Energy efficiency û û ü û ü ü Link reliability NA û û ü ü û NA NA End-to-end reliability û û ü ü ü û NA Robustness ü ü ü ü û û ü Interoperability ü ü ü ü ü ü ü Self-organization ü û ü ü Security NA NA NA ü ü û ü ü ü NA Mobility support Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 8 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs) Decisions û ü ü û ü Compatible Compatible Use of IPv6 16- 128- 16- In-network addressing 16-bit 16-bit 16-bit 16-bit scheme bit bit bit ü ü û û û Open issue Open issue Available source code Free-payment û ü û ü û û ü contributions Memory and CPU ü ü ü û û û ü usage ü ü ü ü û û ü Cost ü ü ü ü û û ü Flexibility û û û û ü ü ü Large-scale networks û û û ü ü ü ü Energy-saving support Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 9 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs) • The IEEE released in 2009 the IEEE 802.15.5 standard to extend traditional Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) to scalable, robust, energy-efficient and interoperable WMSNs • Despite the sought after features already offered by this standard, there is still very few experimental work accessing the performance of IEEE 802.15.5 networks • Lack of an open-source implementation available to the scientific and development communities Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 10 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
The IEEE 802.15.5 LR-WPAN Mesh standard Anatomy of the current communication stack OSI Reference Model ¡ APPLICATION LAYER PRESENTATION LAYER LR-WPAN Mesh Application SESSION LAYER TRANSPORT LAYER IEEE 802.15.5 Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network Mesh NETWORK LAYER layer IEEE 802.15.4-2006 DATA LINK LAYER Medium Access Control (MAC) layer IEEE 802.15.4-2006 PHYSICAL LAYER Physical (PHY) layer Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 11 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
The IEEE 802.15.5 LR-WPAN Mesh standard Mesh network formation [1] [8] + [3] [14] + 10 7 11 = [11] [Branch B] (10) 1 (9-15) (11) Branch (1-15) 4 [1] A 0 (4-15) [1] + [1] + [3] + [3] = [8] (0-65534) [11] + [3] [1] + [3] = [4] = [14] Branch 12 B (12-15) 15 (15) [1] Mesh Coordinator ¡ Mesh device ¡ End device ¡ Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 12 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
The IEEE 802.15.5 LR-WPAN Mesh standard Asynchronous Energy Saving (ASES) mode • Conceived for the majority of traditional WSN applications Wakeup Interval (WI) time RECEIVER AD AD ID ID ID Wakeup WN WN Ack WN WN Notification (WN) DATA time SENDER AD ID AD AD WI Transmission by Data arrival Wait for the means of the Active Duration unslotted CSMA-CA receiver’s WN (AD) WI = meshBaseActiveDuration ·2 WO ¡ ¡[ms] ¡ AD = meshBaseActiveDuration ·2 AO ¡ ¡[ms] ¡ 0 ≤ Active Order ( AO ) ≤ Wakeup Order ( WO ) ≤ 14 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 13 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
IEEE 802.15.5 Architecture for TinyOS IEEE 802.15.4 implementation (TKN154) by J.-H. Hauer Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 14 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Performance Evaluation The hidden terminal problem • The HT problem gives rise to message collisions, leading to further retransmissions and messages lost • High energy waste WN DATA DATA DATA TX 1 TX 1 ID AD ID time RX RX ID AD time WN DATA DATA DATA TX 2 TX 2 … ID AD time Hidden terminals Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 15 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Performance Evaluation 25 m 25 m 25 m 25 m 25 m Scenario (1.i) Scenario (1.ii) 25 m Receiver ¡ Sender ¡ Scenario (2) – Deployed TelosB devices in an indoor scenario – Traffic generation rate: 0.1, 1 and 2 messages per second (127 bytes at the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY layer) – All nodes configured with WO = 4 (WI = 80 ms) and AO = 3 (AD = 40 ms) Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 16 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Results: Single-hop scenario Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 17 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Results: Mesh scenario Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 18 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Conclusions and Future Work • Developed first open- q Complete the source implementation implementation of the of the IEEE 802.15.5 IEEE 802.15.5 standard LR-WPAN Mesh q Investigate and standard for TinyOS evaluate solutions to • Assessed WMSN alleviate the HT operation considering problems in an IEEE HT problems 802.15.5 networks • HT problems degrade significantly the WMSN performance The complete software can be found in the following repository: https://github.com/upct/mesh802155.git Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 19 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
Thanks! antoniojavier.garcia@upct.es ¡ Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 20 ¡ ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?
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