1 CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012 AIRBORNE HYDROCARBON SENSING SYSTEM CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Our History 2 » System developed – “original concept” » Sky Hunter – 2000, developed prototype Sensor System » System tested against geology (case studies, small and large fields, onshore and offshore) » Trade Secret for 10 years, now patent applications in place » 2012, Commercial Unit and Survey System CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
3 MICROSEEPS MANIFESTATIONS OUR SYSTEM COMBINED DATA LAYERS SUMMARY CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
4 MICROSEEPS Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Hydrocarbon Microseeps 5 » The continuous, rapid, vertical migration of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs MICROSEEPS: HYDROCARBON MICROSEEPS CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
6 MICROSEEPS Buoyancy CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Buoyancy 7 » Hydrocarbons migrate vertically into the cap rock from traps due to buoyancy forces between the lower density hydrocarbons and formation water MICROSEEPS: BOUYANCY CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
8 MICROSEEPS Redox Cell Buoyancy CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Redox Cell Basics 9 » “Giant DC Earth Battery” S. Pirson » Natural zeolites (clay minerals in reservoir seal) act as catalytic cracking agents, breaking long hydrocarbon chains into smaller molecules. This cracking action results in the negative ionization of the hydrocarbon saturated zone . » Pirson and Tompkins: when shale cuttings are immersed in crude oil a negative charge (reduction) is generated and will continue as long as fresh oil is injected, replacing that previously cracked. MICROSEEPS : REDOX CELL CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Redox Cell Basics 10 » At surface, and into the atmosphere, a positive charge exists. This creates a near-surface anode and establishes a column of electrical flow from the electron generating oil reservoir (the cathode) directly to the electron poor surface. » This flow forms a reduction environment column or chimney centered directly over the oil/gas field. The chimney is referred to as a redox cell. » Reduction Oxydation (“REDOX”) MICROSEEPS : REDOX CELL CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Redox Cell Basics 11 » Pirson documented these giant earth batteries using electric logs and surface redox potential (Eh) measurements. » The general term Chimney Effect (CE) includes a multiplicity of magnetic, geochemical, mineralogical and electromagnetic (EM) principles, all related to vertical hydrocarbon microseepage emanating from oil and gas accumulations. MICROSEEPS : REDOX CELL CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
12 MICROSEEPS Chimney Effect Redox Cell Buoyancy CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Chimney Effect 13 » The Chimney Effect (CE) of negatively charged ionized hydrocarbons rising vertically above oil/gas reservoirs into the atmosphere is aided by the presence of the Earth’s electrical potential. » During fair weather there is an electrical potential difference of 500,000 volts between the ionosphere and the Earth’s surface being negative relative to the Ionosphere. The FAIR WEATHER CURRENT is the steady flow of electrons from the earth’s surface MICROSEEPS : CHIMNEY EFFECT CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
14 MICROSEEP MANIFESTATIONS Magnetite CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Authigenic Magnetite Development Over Hydrocarbon Pools 15 » Goethite (iron) changes to Magnetite in a strong reducing environment (redox cell) and the authigenic Magnetite is developed over the same areal configuration as the Hydrocarbon pools. And is the result of an Electromagnetic effect related to negative ions above Hydrocarbon traps or accumulations » Robert Foote: Statistics of magnetic anomalies in relation to entrapped hydrocarbons using borehole cuttings » Approx. 1,500 Producing Field tests: 80 -85 % found magnetic mineralization in drill cuttings (95% correlation if edge wells excluded) » Approx. 1,500 dry holes tested: only 5 – 16% had any alteration (magnetite rate drops to 5% if field edge dry holes are excluded) MANIFESTATIONS: MAGNETITE CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
16 MICROSEEP MANIFESTATIONS Clay Replacement Magnetite CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Clay Replacement 17 » Among the changes that occur in electrochemically reducing (ie. negatively charged) environments associated with hydrocarbon seepage is the replacement of mixed layer clays by kaolinite. » Satellite imagery can locate kaolinite anomalies for further geotechnical screening. MANIFESTATIONS: CLAY REPLACEMENT CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
18 MICROSEEP MANIFESTATIONS Non Seismic (Schumacher) Clay Replacement Magnetite CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Surface Measurement Dietmar Schumacher 19 » In a review of more than 2,600 US and International wildcat wells- all drilled after completion of geochemical or non-seismic hydrocarbon detection systems- more than 80% of wells drilled on prospects associated with positive hydrocarbon anomalies resulted in commercial discoveries. MANIFESTATIONS: NON SEISMIC (SCHUMACHER) CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
20 MICROSEEP MANIFESTATIONS Microseep Samples (Gore) Non Seismic (Schumacher) Clay Replacement Magnetite CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Gore Survey 21 » “Capturing information in microseepage data using Gore’s Amplified Geochemical Imaging SM technology is a very effective way of identifying hydrocarbon seeping vertically up from charged reservoirs” David concludes. “ They are Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators ; in fact, we would like to suggest that while macroseeps show a presence of hydrocarbons in the basin, they may travel long distances from the actual reservoir. Microseeps travel vertically from the reservoirs and thus are the only real DHI ! ” » David Goold of GORE Surveys » 96 % accurate in predicting dry wells » 92% accurate in predicting geochemical anomalies MANIFESTATIONS: MICROSEEP SAMPLES (GORE) CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
22 MICROSEEP MANIFESTATIONS Atmospheric Samples Microseep Samples (Gore) Non Seismic (Schumacher) Clay Replacement Magnetite CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Atmospheric Hydrocarbon Concentrations 23 » “Non - Methane” hydrocarbons were measured at incremental altitude steps high in the atmosphere » C2 – C5 were found » Without a charge, gases denser than air will settle (i.e. propane in parkades) MANIFESTATIONS: ATMOSPHERIC SAMPLES CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
24 MICROSEEP MANIFESTATIONS Gas Storage, Production, and Salt Atmospheric Samples Microseep Samples (Gore) Non Seismic (Schumacher) Clay Replacement Magnetite CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Gas Storage Reservoirs 25 » Surface microseep measurements vary with storage pressures » Microseepage is in real time, not geological time 1. Increasing microseepage during summer gas injection 2. Decreasing microseepage during winter gas withdrawal MANIFESTATIONS: GAS STORAGE, PRODUCTION, AND SALT CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Production 26 » With oil and gas production the reservoir pressure declines. Without the pressure drive the microseep activity diminishes and signal strength drops. MANIFESTATIONS: GAS STORAGE, PRODUCTION, AND SALT CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Production 26 » With oil and gas production the reservoir pressure declines. Without the pressure drive the microseep activity diminishes and Production from reservoir signal strength drops. MANIFESTATIONS: GAS STORAGE, PRODUCTION, AND SALT CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Salt 27 » Hydrocarbon Microseeps have been detected through thick evaporite beds (3,000 meters of salt & anhydrite) giving evidence that microseeps can penetrate virtually all lithologies MANIFESTATIONS: GAS STORAGE, PRODUCTION, AND SALT CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
28 OUR SYSTEM CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
System Components 29 Hydrocarbon Nose Navajo Aircraft Hydrocarbon Sensors by MDA Repeatable, robust, secure, operator friendly OUR SYSTEM: SAMPLE GATHERING CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Hydrocarbon Nose 30 OUR SYSTEM: HYDROCARBON NOSE CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Electromagnetism 31 Electromagnetism manifests as » both electric fields and magnetic fields and contributes to Redox Cell development The electromagnetic force causes » like-charged things to repel and oppositely-charged things to attract. Photons are the carrier particles » of the electromagnetic force and travel at the speed of light OUR SYSTEM: ELECTROMAGNETISM CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Hydrocarbon Nose 32 OUR SYSTEM: HYDROCARBON NOSE CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Hydrocarbon Sensors 33 » Space Age Engineering for Airborne Hydrocarbon Sensing System OUR SYSTEM: HYDROCARBON SENSORS CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Survey Profile 34 » Samples are gathered and measured by custom designed equipment mounted on an aircraft flying at low levels OUR SYSTEM: SAMPLE LINE CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Gather, Process and Map Hydrocarbon Residual Footprints 35 FLYING THE SURVEY & DATA COLLECTION MICROSEEP INTENSITY PROFILE OUR SYSTEM: SURVEY PLAN CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
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