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Aggregate Analysis of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Mei-Shin Wu Aggregate Analysis of Vowel Pronunciation Introduction The Goal in Swedish Dialects Language leveling The aggregating methods Swedish Dialects Leinonen, Therese, Vol 3, No 2 (2011) Data and Experimental Design Data Mei-Shin Wu 1 Acoustic analysis Analysis of dialectal variation Result 1 Computational Linguistics Geographic dialect University of Tbingen continuum Dialect leveling Discussion And 27th of January, 2016 Conclusions The observation The pros and cons of aggregation analysis Reference 1 / 32

Aggregate Analysis Outline of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Introduction Mei-Shin Wu The Goal Language leveling Introduction The Goal The aggregating methods Language leveling The aggregating Swedish Dialects methods Swedish Dialects Data and Data and Experimental Design Experimental Design Data Data Acoustic analysis Acoustic analysis Analysis of dialectal variation Analysis of dialectal variation Result Result Geographic dialect continuum Dialect leveling Geographic dialect continuum Discussion And Dialect leveling Conclusions The observation The pros and cons of Discussion And Conclusions aggregation analysis The observation Reference The pros and cons of aggregation analysis 2 / 32

Aggregate Analysis Outline of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Introduction Mei-Shin Wu The Goal Language leveling Introduction The Goal The aggregating methods Language leveling The aggregating Swedish Dialects methods Swedish Dialects Data and Data and Experimental Design Experimental Design Data Data Acoustic analysis Acoustic analysis Analysis of dialectal variation Analysis of dialectal variation Result Result Geographic dialect continuum Dialect leveling Geographic dialect continuum Discussion And Dialect leveling Conclusions The observation The pros and cons of Discussion And Conclusions aggregation analysis The observation Reference The pros and cons of aggregation analysis 3 / 32

Aggregate Analysis The Goal of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Mei-Shin Wu Introduction The Goal Language leveling The aggregating methods ◮ Swedish dialects haven gone through massive leveling Swedish Dialects Data and in the latter half of the 20th century. Experimental Design ◮ The aggregating methods are used for identifying Data Acoustic analysis geographic dialect areas and studying ongoing Analysis of dialectal variation changes in Swedish dialects. Result Geographic dialect continuum Dialect leveling Discussion And Conclusions The observation The pros and cons of aggregation analysis Reference 4 / 32

Aggregate Analysis Outline of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Introduction Mei-Shin Wu The Goal Language leveling Introduction The Goal The aggregating methods Language leveling The aggregating Swedish Dialects methods Swedish Dialects Data and Data and Experimental Design Experimental Design Data Data Acoustic analysis Acoustic analysis Analysis of dialectal variation Analysis of dialectal variation Result Result Geographic dialect continuum Dialect leveling Geographic dialect continuum Discussion And Dialect leveling Conclusions The observation The pros and cons of Discussion And Conclusions aggregation analysis The observation Reference The pros and cons of aggregation analysis 5 / 32

� Aggregate Analysis Language leveling of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Mei-Shin Wu Introduction The Goal ◮ Dialect levelling is defined as the Language leveling The aggregating methods reduction of structural variation Swedish Dialects ◮ Dialect levelling makes ( a ) Data and Experimental Standard Design individual dialects more Data homogeneous, and ( b ) different Acoustic analysis Analysis of dialectal variation dialects more similar and � DialectZ DialectA Result ,consequently, diasystems more Geographic dialect continuum homogeneous Dialect leveling Discussion And Conclusions The observation The pros and cons of aggregation analysis Reference 6 / 32

Aggregate Analysis Outline of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Introduction Mei-Shin Wu The Goal Language leveling Introduction The Goal The aggregating methods Language leveling The aggregating Swedish Dialects methods Swedish Dialects Data and Data and Experimental Design Experimental Design Data Data Acoustic analysis Acoustic analysis Analysis of dialectal variation Analysis of dialectal variation Result Result Geographic dialect continuum Dialect leveling Geographic dialect continuum Discussion And Dialect leveling Conclusions The observation The pros and cons of Discussion And Conclusions aggregation analysis The observation Reference The pros and cons of aggregation analysis 7 / 32

Aggregate Analysis The aggregating methods of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Mei-Shin Wu Introduction ◮ Feature-Based Variation Studies analyze variation in The Goal Language leveling one element. While Aggregating methods consider The aggregating methods more than single feature . Swedish Dialects Data and ◮ Both rural Swedish dialects and regional varieties of Experimental Design Standard Swedish vary a lot when it comes to vowel Data Acoustic analysis pronunciation, and vowels have been important for Analysis of dialectal variation characterizing varieties of Swedish and classifying Result dialects . Geographic dialect continuum Dialect leveling ◮ are used for identifying geographic dialect areas and Discussion And Conclusions studying ongoing change . The observation The pros and cons of aggregation analysis Reference 8 / 32

Aggregate Analysis Outline of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Introduction Mei-Shin Wu The Goal Language leveling Introduction The Goal The aggregating methods Language leveling The aggregating Swedish Dialects methods Swedish Dialects Data and Data and Experimental Design Experimental Design Data Data Acoustic analysis Acoustic analysis Analysis of dialectal variation Analysis of dialectal variation Result Result Geographic dialect continuum Dialect leveling Geographic dialect continuum Discussion And Dialect leveling Conclusions The observation The pros and cons of Discussion And Conclusions aggregation analysis The observation Reference The pros and cons of aggregation analysis 9 / 32

Aggregate Analysis Swedish Dialects of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Mei-Shin Wu Introduction The Goal Language leveling The aggregating methods ◮ South Swedish dialects Swedish Dialects Data and ◮ Gotaland dialects Experimental Design ◮ Svealand dialects Data Acoustic analysis Analysis of dialectal ◮ Norrland dialects variation Result ◮ Gotland dialects Geographic dialect continuum Dialect leveling ◮ Finland-Swedish dialects Discussion And Conclusions Figure: The traditional Swedish The observation The pros and cons of dialect area according to Wessn aggregation analysis Reference 10 / 32

Aggregate Analysis Outline of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Introduction Mei-Shin Wu The Goal Language leveling Introduction The Goal The aggregating methods Language leveling The aggregating Swedish Dialects methods Swedish Dialects Data and Data and Experimental Design Experimental Design Data Data Acoustic analysis Acoustic analysis Analysis of dialectal variation Analysis of dialectal variation Result Result Geographic dialect continuum Dialect leveling Geographic dialect continuum Discussion And Dialect leveling Conclusions The observation The pros and cons of Discussion And Conclusions aggregation analysis The observation Reference The pros and cons of aggregation analysis 11 / 32

Aggregate Analysis Phonology data resource of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects ◮ 98 rural sites Mei-Shin Wu ◮ from 1998 to 2001 Introduction The Goal ◮ 1170 speakers Language leveling The aggregating ◮ 12 people for each methods Swedish Dialects location Data and Experimental ◮ older group from 55 to Design 75 years Data Acoustic analysis ◮ younger group from 20 Analysis of dialectal variation to 35 years Result ◮ 48 kHz sample rate Geographic dialect continuum and 16-bit amplitude Dialect leveling resolution (recording) Discussion And Conclusions ◮ downsampled to 16 The observation The pros and cons of kHz/16 bit for analysis aggregation analysis Reference ◮ swedia.ling.gu.se 12 / 32

Aggregate Analysis Phonology data resource-2 of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Mei-Shin Wu Introduction ◮ Vowel segments were elicited with mono- or bi-syllabic The Goal Language leveling words The aggregating methods Swedish Dialects ◮ target vowels were surrounded by coronal consonants Data and ◮ vowel recruitment criteria : long vowels, allophonic Experimental Design variants of / E : / , / ø : / , vowels reflect the Historical Data Acoustic analysis development Analysis of dialectal variation ◮ 19 words were used : dis [ i: ] , disk [ I ] , d¨ or [ œ: ] , d¨ orr [ œ ] , Result Geographic dialect flytta [ Y ] , lass [ a ] , lat [ a: ] , leta [ e: ] , lett [ e fl ] , lott [ O ] , lus [ (0) ] , continuum Dialect leveling l˚ as / l˚ at [ o: ] , l¨ ar [ æ: ] , l¨ os [ ø ] , n¨ at [ E: ] , sot [ u: ] , s¨ ark [ æ ] , Discussion And Conclusions s¨ ot [ ø: ] , typ [ y: ] The observation The pros and cons of aggregation analysis Reference 13 / 32