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AgBioChem, Inc. The leader in crown gall control www.agbiochem.com Crown Gall Disease Walnut Almond Rose Susceptible Species: 140 genera of more than 60 plant families Apple, pear, cherry, almond, walnut, grape, peach, nectarine,

  1. AgBioChem, Inc. The leader in crown gall control www.agbiochem.com

  2. Crown Gall Disease Walnut

  3. Almond

  4. Rose

  5. Susceptible Species:  140 genera of more than 60 plant families  Apple, pear, cherry, almond, walnut, grape, peach, nectarine, apricot, plum, prune, blackberry, raspberry, pecan, blueberry  Rose, euonymous, willow, poplar

  6. Stunts Plant Growth Walnut

  7. Provides Entry Point for Decay Fungi Wind Failure of Mature Almond Trees: • 81% of failed trees had crown gall • crown gall provided access to decay fungi

  8. Chico, CA January 2008

  9. Modesto, CA 2010

  10. Crown Gall Caused by: Agrobacterium tumefaciens Soilborne bacterium: occurs everywhere Pathogen attaches to Tumor-I nducing plant wound Normal DNA DNA

  11. Disease Process: Pathogen Survives in Soil Pathogen Population Pathogen Colonizes Fresh I ncreases Plant Wounds and Attaches to Plant Cells Gall Expands and Crowds I njects Tumor-I nducing Out Normal Tissue: DNA into Plant Cell • Nutrient and Water Flow Reduced • Gall Provides Entry to Decay Fungi Transformed Plant Cells Enlarge and Divide Out of Control

  12. Galltrol Prevents Disease: Pathogen Survives Blocks in Soil Colonization Pathogen Population Colonizes Fresh Wounds I ncreases & Attaches to Plant Cells Blocks I nfection Gall Expands and Crowds I njects Tumor-I nducing Out Normal Tissue: DNA into Plant Cell • Nutrient and Water Flow Reduced • Gall Provides Entry to Decay Fungi Transformed Plant Cells Enlarge and Divide Out of Control

  13. Galltrol Treatment:  Timing: as soon after wounding (nursery, delivery to grower, pre-planting) as possible (not more than 12 hours)  Rate: bacterial growth from 1 plate in 1 gallon water (non-chlorinated)  Application Method: spray or dip  Users: growers and nurseries  User Cost: $0.10 to $0.15 per tree (much less for nursery seeds, cuttings, liners)

  14. Galltrol: active ingredient is bacterial growth on agar surface

  15. Galltrol: Mixing 1. Discard lid 2. Submerge dish in water 3. Wipe bacterial growth from agar surface 4. Agitate mix to suspend bacteria 5. Use as spray or dip

  17. Gallex: Gall Eradicant • Kills gall tissue • Doesn’t harm healthy cells • Controls crown gall and apple burr knot

  18. Gallex: Treatment of Existing Galls 1. Expose gall

  19. 2. Remove excess gall tissue (chisel, hatchet, knife)

  20. 3. Allow tissue to dry 2-3 days

  21. 4. Paint Gallex onto cut surface (overlap healthy, intact tissue by 1 inch)

  22. Gallex: Treatment of Large Galls Expose galls (compressed air or water, or hand dig)

  23. Gall Eradicated with Gallex

  24. Gallex: Treatment program for eradicating galls on young trees  Regularly check trees for evidence of galls (at least twice per growing season) and treat  Small galls are easier to expose, treat, and control  Kill galls before significant plant damage is done  Re-examine treated galls after 3-4 months; treat gall regrowth, if any

  25. Gallex Treatment: Small Galls Paint Gallex Directly onto Gall Treated Non-Treated Rose

  26. Galltrol & Gallex: U.C.-Endorsed

  27. U.C. Pest Management Guidelines:

  30. AgBioChem, I nc.  Galltrol - crown gall preventative  Gallex – crown gall curative www.agbiochem.com

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