Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy Ellen D Williams - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy Ellen D Williams Columbia University May 24, 2016 http://www.arpa-e.energy.gov/

Energy and Emissions - World CO 2 emissions, 45.5 Gtonne/yr 18.3 Gtonne/yr 32.3 Gtonne/yr All renewables* 800 800 projection Nuclear Natural Gas 700 700 Coal Energy Consumption, QBtu historical 600 Petroleum (liquids) 600 Energy Consumption, QBtu 500 Non- OECD 500 400 400 300 300 200 200 OECD 100 100 0 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 ‣ * Includes both traditional and modern uses of biomass Adapted from: U.S. Energy Information Administration International Energy Outlook 2013, 2 Table A2, and country data, http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm

ARPA-E Mission Mission: To overcome long-term and high-risk technological barriers in the development of energy technologies Goals: Ensure America’s • Economic Security • Energy Security • Technological Lead in Advanced Energy Technologies Means: • Identify and promote revolutionary advances in fundamental and applied sciences • Translate scientific discoveries and cutting-edge inventions into technological innovations • Accelerate transformational technological advances in areas that industry by itself is not likely to undertake because of technical and financial uncertainty 3

Focused Program Portfolio ELECTRICITY ALPHA MOSAIC FOCUS GENERATION IMPACCT SOLAR ADEPT GENSETS REBELS ELECTRICAL GRID GENI NODES GRID DATA & STORAGE HEATS IONICS GRIDS CHARGES EFFICIENCY & ENLITENED BEETIT REACT SHIELD SWITCHES DELTA ADEPT METALS EMISSIONS MONITOR ARID ROOTS TRANSPORTATION & STORAGE TRANSNET NEXTCAR BEEST AMPED RANGE ELECTROFUELS PETRO MOVE REMOTE REFUEL TERRA 2015 2010 - 2012 2013-2014 2016 4

If it works… will it matter? 5

Metrics of Transition Toward Market* Since 2009 ARPA-E has invested approximately $1.3 billion across more than 475 projects. Of those, 206 are alumni projects. 45 ARPA-E projects have attracted more than $1.25 billion in private-sector follow- on funding* 70 Cumulative number of projects that have: 60 Received Follow on Cumulative Number Funding from the Private 50 Sector 40 Formed New Companies 30 Continued development 20 with Funding from Government Programs 10 0 End End End End 2012 2013 2014 2015 * As of Feb 2016 6

Focused Program Portfolio ELECTRICITY ALPHA MOSAIC FOCUS GENERATION IMPACCT SOLAR ADEPT GENSETS REBELS ELECTRICAL GRID GENI NODES GRID DATA & STORAGE HEATS IONICS GRIDS CHARGES EFFICIENCY & ENLITENED BEETIT REACT SHIELD SWITCHES DELTA ADEPT METALS EMISSIONS MONITOR ARID ROOTS TRANSPORTATION & STORAGE TRANSNET NEXTCAR BEEST AMPED RANGE ELECTROFUELS PETRO MOVE REMOTE REFUEL TERRA 2015 2010 - 2012 2013-2014 2016 7

MONITOR Methane Observation Networks with Innovative Technology to Obtain Reductions Mission Goals • Detect a methane leak of at least 6 SCFH, locate the Develop innovative, cost- leak within 1 meter, and quantify the flow rate effective technologies that can • Significantly decrease the cost of methane detection, accurately detect and measure yielding a system cost less than $3,000/year/wellhead methane emissions associated • Improve the sustainability of domestic natural gas with natural gas production and production distribution. Composition? Source Location? Rate? Program Dr. Bryan Willson Director Year 2014 11 Projects Total $31 million Investment

The Portfolio: 3 Technology Categories AERIAL LONG DISTANCE IMAGER POINT SENSORS FIXED ENABLING MOBILE 9 Image courtesy of Cuadrilla Resources

Portable Imaging Spectrometer for Methane Leak Detection PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS ‣ Miniaturization of Rebellion’s Gas Cloud Imager (GCI), a long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer Optics ‣ Camera will be lightweight and portable – the size of a Red Bull can - and capable of being incorporated into personal protective equipment ‣ Data processing uses cloud- based computing architecture that streams results to mobile device Electronics AWARD AMOUNT: $4.3 million 10

TERRA Transportation Energy Resources from Renewable Agriculture Mission Goals • Develop autonomous robotic sensor systems Facilitate development of capable of high-throughput assessment of plant improved varieties of sorghum as growth and development in the field. climate resilient bioenergy feedstocks that place lower • Develop advanced ‘big data’ algorithms to demands on land use, water use construct 3-D models that predict crop and fertilizer use. performance and response to environment. • Create sophisticated bioinformatics tools and Dr. Joe genomics resources for gene and trait discovery Program Cornelius that accelerate breeding of improved crops. Director Year 2015 Highlights 7 Projects • Program Kickoff November 15, 2015 • Public × Private Sector collaborations established Total $32.7 million Investment

Sustainability issues Evidenced by Declining Rate of Genetic Gain in Core Crops 20 3 1.1 B d MT Biomass Percent 18 Quads 1961-90 1990-2007 2.47 2.5 Year-to-Year Yield Gain 16 2.34 New Energy Crops 2 Quads 12 Ag 1.48 1.5 Residue 8 1.14 1.07 1 4 Forest 0.54 0.5 0 2012 2017 2022 2030 0.06 0.02 0 Corn Wheat Rice Soybean Forestry Ag Residue Energy Crops “Improvements in crop yield are below DOE bioenergy plan (Billion Ton Study) 1.16-1.31 %/y rate required requires a 1% /year genetic gain in to meet demand in 2050.” dedicated energy crops. • Prognosis for genetic improvement of yield potential of major grain crops . A. J. Hall, R. A. Richards, Field Crops Research, 143 (2013) 18-33. 12 • DOE Billion Ton Biomass Study Update, 2011 • FAOSTAT 2009

ΔG ≈ h 2 σ p i / L TERRA Enables Better Breeding Strategies Advanced Genomic Selection (GS) Make Crosses 2-3 × Faster TERRA Program approach: Complete integrated phenotyping QTL and Association systems with Mapping • full cost <$20K/ HA Mutant Screening • Genotyping Phenotyping THREE YEAR PAYBACK Roles of Genes, Alleles, and Environments Platform Platform • High Throughput Automated Target Genotype for Hardware & Sensing Desirable Traits Technologies Breeding Optimization Models • Computational Solutions for Selection and Prediction Breeding • Genetics, Genomics and Evaluation Trials Bioinformatics • Small-scale Programmatic Reference Data Field Trial Generation and Data Hosting Large-scale Field Trial Release Winner Hybrids 13

ΔG ≈ h 2 σ p i / L Robotic Platforms are Diverse and Data Rich Carnegie Mellon, UIUC, Purdue Danforth Center, USDA, Lemna Tec Current TERRA Performance Mobile Ground Vehicles Stationary Reference Field Gantry Breeding Ground & Comparison Aerial Vehicles Manual # Breeder Plots 1,000 1,000 10’s 1000’s # Phenotypes Resolution 1 m 1 cm Bandwidth (nm) 400-700 100-2500 Sensor Data Collection Bytes Terabytes Hood 1 min UAV Cycle Time 8 hrs 4 hrs AGV Reference Field Gantry Sensors: • Hyperspectral i350-2500 nm • Height Scanner Near Earth, Purdue, KSU, Blue River • Thermal infrared • 8 MP RGB down camera Mobile Aerial Vehicles Reference • Dedicated NDVI sensor • 2 side looking cameras • Dedicated PRI • Active reflectance in-field Field Gantry • Fluorescence (photochemical reflectance) (100 x 200 m) • PAR sensor • Environmental temperature, • Color sensor humidity, rainfall, wind, CO 2 National Robotics Engineering Center Mobile Deployable Field Gantry 14

Energy and Emissions – Changing what’s possible U.S. CO 2 emissions (Gtonne/yr) U.S. CO 2 emissions, Gtonne/yr U.S. 2050 target 4.8 6.0 5.5 (2025 target: 4.3) 1.9 ~1.2 5.6 100 100 U.S. Energy Consumption, QBtu All renewables* Nuclear 80 80 Other Renewables Natural gas Bioenergy 60 60 Hydro Nuclear 40 40 Natural gas Coal Coal Oil 20 20 Petroleum (liquids) 0 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 EIA IEA 450 Reference Scenario, Case, 2040 2040 * Includes both traditional and modern uses of biomass Left: EIA AEO Figure MT-9 (Reference Case), 2013 updated for Actual 15 Right: EIA 2014 AEO Tables A2 and 17, and IEA World Energy Outlook 2014, Table 2.1 , Note: EIA biofuels projection moved to “Bioenergy” to match IEA categorization

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