— Addressing Radial Feeder Challenges Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF C1 - Rated) C.Eng, FIET, FIE, FIETE, SMIEEE, PrEng, SMSAIEE with Microgrids Contact: +27 (0) 713519332 (Cell) Email : ChowdhurySP@tut.ac.za spchowdhury2010@gmail.com
Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF C1 - Rated) C.Eng, FIET, FIE, FIETE, SMIEEE, PrEng, SMSAIEE Contact: +27 (0) 713519332 (Cell) Email : ChowdhurySP@tut.ac.za spchowdhury2010@gmail.com
Ag Agenda enda 1. Background at a glance 2. Current Practice 3. Hybridisation Paradigm 4. Performance Improvement 5. Way forward – HESS ?? Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
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Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria West, South Africa Covering 4 provinces by 12 campuses
Tshwane University of Technology 2700 855 Academics Permanent Staff Community Research and Engagement Innovation Teaching and Learning
Tshwane University of Technology 7 Faculties
Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated) Finali alist st of dti Techn hnol olog ogy Awar ard 2013
Tshwane University of Technology
P.K. Sadhu Application of High Frequency Inverter in Induction Heating. 2002 Professor J.K. Das Development of a Complete Restoration Plan for An Interconnected Power 2004 MD, DVC System through Knowledge Based Algorithm S. Bhuyan Development of Application Tools for Power System Operation and Planning 2006 Professor P. Mitra, ABB Neuro-Fuzzy Based Power System Stabilizer and Automatic Voltage 2007 Sr Manager Regulator in Small Signal Stability K. Mitra Competitive Strategies in the Marine Transportation Industry : Case of the 2007 Professor Kolkata Port Trust A.K. Saha Fuzzy Neural Network Based Computing Models for Electric Load 2009 Sr Lecturer Forecasting A.K.Basu Microgrid : Design of its Energy Management System 2012 Assoc Prof P. Basak Distributed Energy Resources Integration : An Emerging Power Scenario 2012 Asst Prof A. Sinha, MD ERP- based Power Plant Management 2013 Cape Gemini L Ramesh Distribution system management and loss minimization 2014 Assoc Prof Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Simplice Noubissie An efficiency control algorithm for building automation systems in 2018 government buildings in South Africa (CSIR Scholarship holder) Nhamo Dhlamini The impact of large penetration of photovoltaic generation on the 2018 utility grid: A case study for South Africa. Maxwell Sibanyoni A Study on Synchronization of single phase inverters in South 2018 African grid with high degree of penetration of renewable energy Macdonald Nko Investigation of storage facility for renewable energy system using 2018 solar power plant as base source: A case study for South Africa Hugues Kazeza Optimization of a Solar PV based Water Pumping Systems 2018 Prosper Tembe A study on the residential energy efficiency programme 2018 framework in South Africa. Banjo Aderemi Dynamic Energy Saving for Hybrid Powered Mobile Cellular Base 2018 Station Mpho Lencwe Performance enhancement of Lead Acid-Super Capacitor hybrid 2018 battery Raymond Kene Performance Prediction of Photovoltaic Arrays 2018 Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Ag Agenda enda 1. Background at a glance 2. Current Practice 3. Hybridisation Paradigm 4. Performance Improvement 5. Way forward – HESS ?? Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated) Finali alist st of dti Techn hnol olog ogy Awar ard 2013
Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated) Finali alist st of dti Techn hnol olog ogy Awar ard 2013
Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated) Finali alist st of dti Techn hnol olog ogy Awar ard 2013
Distributed Generation Distributed Generation (DG)/Distributed Energy Resources (DER) : Generating power locally at distribution voltage level through non- conventional/renewable energy sources. Accepted attributes of DG : - not centrally planned by the power utility, nor centrally dispatched - small to medium capacity DERs (w.r.t. generating capacity of the utility) connected to MV and LV utility grid Generation Technologies: Wind turbines, Solar Photovoltaic, Fuel Cells, Microturbines Energy sources : wind power, sunlight, hydrocarbons, biofuels, natural gas, landfill gas, geothermal energy, etc. Why Distributed Generation? Gradual depletion of fossil fuel, Poor energy efficiency, Environmental pollution, Global warming and climate change
Active Distribution Network Major Transition Passive distribution networks with unidirectional power flow Active distribution networks with bidirectional power flow Passive and Active Distribution Networks Presence of DG/DER in Distribution networks Why Active Distribution Networks? Better power quality and reliability Integrating renewable DERs & energy storage devices Carbon commitment in reducing emissions Asset utilization and management by deferral of new investment Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Microgrids Small scale, LV, CHP, Active Distribution Networks: -Conglomerate of DERs and loads at LV - Small scale DERs are called Microsources. -Microsource Controllers and power electronic interfaces maintain power quality and energy output. - Microgrids are single controlled units that meet local energy needs for reliability and security. Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Typical Microgrid Structure MAIN GRID MICROGRID CHP HEAT NON-CHP STORAGE SOURCE LOAD SOURCE DEVICE MC MC MC 415V MICROGRID BUS CB1 FEEDER A SCB SCB TRANSFORMER DISTRIBUTION IN MAIN GRID 6KV/415V FROM 6KV MAIN GRID BUS CB2 CB4 FEEDER B CC CC – Central Controller MC – Microsource Controller CHP HEAT STORAGE NON-CHP SOURCE LOAD DEVICE SOURCE CB – Circuit Breaker SCB – Sectionalising Circuit Brea CHP – Combined Heat and Powe MC MC MC CB3 FEEDER C SCB SCB Trans ansactiv active Ener nergy thr through ough Justg ustgrids rids by by Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Network Management Needs Microsource Generation Control Load Balancing, Maximum energy saving, Load Prioritizing Thermal Process Control Control and monitoring, Joint optimization of heat and electricity, Heat recovery from the sources Energy Storage Controlling energy storage devices for uninterruptible supply during contingencies and disturbances Regulation and Load Shifting Smoothing out the electrical load with storage devices and Load Shifting Ancillary Services Voltage regulation, spinning reserve, peak shaving, riding through grid voltage Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Microgids Operation Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury hury
Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
LA LAB Cha harac racteristic teristics Battery Technology Advantages Disadvantages LABs Low cost Heavy and bulky Available in large quantities Unsuitable for fast charging Abuse-resistant Short lifespan High self-discharge during high High tolerance to overcharge temperature Limited energy density (30 - In-built self-balancing mechanism 40Wh/kg) Low internal resistance consequently deliver very high current Not good for the environment Amenable to float-charging and trickle- charging Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
LI LIB Cha haracte acteristic ristics Battery Technology Advantages Disadvantages LIBs Smaller and lighter Moderate initial cost High charging rate Degrades at high temperature High energy and power density per unit mass Need for protective circuitry Sensitive to overcharge and High energy efficiency deep discharge No memory effects Relative long lifespan High capacity High rate and High [power discharge capability Low self-discharge No maintenance required Broad temperature range of operation Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
SC Cha haracte acteristic ristics Battery Technology Advantages Disadvantages SCs Virtually Unlimited Life Cycle Low Energy Density High power density, Low resistance, High Load Current Quite High Cost per Watt Super Fast Charging (in Seconds), No End- Linear Discharge prevents Full of-Charge Requirement Energy Spectrum Simple Charging, No Problem of Overcharging High Self-Discharge Safe, Forgiving if Abused Low Cell Voltage Excellent Low Temperature Charge/Discharge Performance Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Com ompa parison rison of of LA LAB-LIB LIB-SC SC BE BESS SS Energy Power Nominal Cycle life- Self- Cost Density density Voltage ( V) life span discharge/ ($/kWh (Wh/kg) (W/kg) (year) ) Month LAB 30 -50 100 - 250 2 200- 2 – 5 2% 50 – 65 300 LIBs 100-200 100-28k 3.7 500- 7 -12 2 -10% 500-600 1000 SC 5-15 >10k 2.5 600- 8 -15 2 -10% 1000- 1400 5000 Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Comparison mparison of f HBESS BESS Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Ag Agenda enda 1. Background at a glance 2. Current Practice 3. Hybridisation Paradigm 4. Performance Improvement 5. Way forward – HESS ?? Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury
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