Activities of the OECD/ NEA In the Field of Decommissioning Patrick O’Sullivan NEA Secretariat Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar 14-16 September 2010 Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 1
Plan of Talk Plan of Talk • OECD Nuclear Energy Agency • NEA Working Structure in Decommissioning • Examples of Recent and ongoing Work in Decommissioning • Cross Cutting and Transversal Issues • Decommissioning Issues for Future Attention Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 2
OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) M ember Countries & M ission • • Canada, United States, M exico Canada, United States, M exico • • Austria, Belgium, Czech Rep., Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Czech Rep., Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherland Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, s, Norway, Portugal, Slovak Rep., Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Unit Norway, Portugal, Slovak Rep., Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United ed Kingdom, Turkey; Kingdom, Turkey; • • Australia, J apan, Republic of Korea Australia, J apan, Republic of Korea • ... developing the scientific, technological and legal bases for a safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy ... • provide authoritative assessments and forge common understandings as input to government decisions and policy analyses… Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 3
NEA Committees and Working Groups Contributing to Decommissioning • Decommissioning-focused groups under the RWMC – WPDD - Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling – CPD - Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning • Generic and transversal issues addressed by other committees and groups – Stakeholder Confidence (RWM C/ FSC) – Regulation (RWM C Regulator’s Forum) – International Liability Conventions (NLC) – Economics of the Fuel Cycle (NDC) – Radiation Protection (CRPPH) Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 4
Radwaste and Decommissioning at NEA Radioactive Waste M anagement Committee Regulators Forum RWM C RWM C - RF Forum on Stakeholder Integration Group for WP on Decommissioning Confidence (FSC) the Safety Case (IGSC) and Dismantling (WPDD) Decommissioning Reversibility & Integrating Geologic Costs Estimation Retrievability Project Information - AMIGO Group (DCEG) Methods for Long term Preservation of Safety Assessment Task Group on R&D Memory & Knowledge Project (MeSA) Expert Group on Thermochemical Argillaceous Media – Task Group on Large Components Database – (Clay Club) (TDB IV) [* ] Co-operative Sorption Project – Programme (SORPTION III) [* ] on Decommissioning [* ] Co-operative projects (CPD) [* ] 5
Decommissioning-focused Work : The RWM C/ WPDD Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD) • The WPDD is a Working Party (discipline-oriented sub- group) of the Radioactive Waste M anagement Committee (RWM C) • The WPDD was installed in 1999 to strengthen the NEA’s engagement in decommissioning • The WPDD is composed of nominees from NEA M ember countries with responsibility, overview, and/ or experience in the field of decommissioning. • The WPDD takes advantages of a mixed regulator/ implementer membership Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 6
Decommissioning-focused Work : The NEA-CPD NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning (CPD) • Sharing of Technical and Scientific Information Amongst Major International Decommissioning Projects • Joint Undertaking under Art 5 of the NEA Statute • Based on specific Agreement between Participants (Confidentiality Provisions) • Self financed (Programme Co-ordinator); NEA provides secretariat to M anagement Board • Twenty-five years of information exchange on decommissioning projects; current agreement period 2009 –2013 • See further presentation by Jan Carlsson (Session 4: Lessons Learned) Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 7
NEA Co-operative Programme for Decommissioning (CPD) 57 Projects, 23 Organisations, 13 Countries All stages of decommissioning: Category 1: Planned and Ongoing Category 2: Dormant Category 3: Terminated 35 NPPs and Research Reactors (29 cat. 1) PWR, BWR, D 2 O GCR, AGR, HTGR, VVER, FBR (sodium cooled) 22 Fuel Cycle Facilities (18 cat. 1) Radio-chemical labs, fuel storage bay, isotope handling Processing Fuel material plants Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 8
Examples of Recent and Ongoing Work of the WPDD • Release of materials and sites • Cost drivers and reporting requirements for decommissioning • Applying decommissioning experience to new power plants • M anagement of large components • R&D needs for decommissioning • Characterisation? • Site remediation? Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 9
1. Release of M aterials and Buildings • Clearance – removal of radioactive material from regulatory control - is an important aspect of decommissioning, principally because of the impact it can have on the volume of waste that must disposed • WPDD S tudy (2008) provides and analyses information on an array of national approaches to clearance: – The concept of clearance is applied de facto in almost all countries, either through generic criteria, or through site- specific assessments – Internationally agreed values and guidance on scenarios exist to develop clearance levels. International guidance in IAEA and EC reports historically based on 10µSv/ a individual dose; 1 man-Sv collective dose Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 10
Release of M aterials and Buildings (cont’d) – National criteria are mostly based on international guidance, but vary considerably – M aterials crossing borders need to be managed through international consensus and agreement – Harmonisation has been achieved to a large extent; further steps should be considered with great care – Implementation of clearance is generally complex and requires good planning to avoid high costs. Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 11
Release of M aterials and Buildings (cont’d) Clearance and the new (Draft) BSS • Current international guidance for radionuclide quantities and concentrations based on individual and collective dose, and scenario considerations: – IAEA BSS (exemption) levels for moderate quantities based on dosimetric considerations – RS-G-1.7 for bulk quantities will be used for clearance and exemption of significant quantities of artificial radionuclides • Evolution of the BSS – The new BSS will keep the same approach but the use of a collective dose criterion will be discontinued – nuclide-specific criteria for Clearance and Exemption will be kept but updated – RS-G-1.7 values to be incorporated Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 12
2. Decommissioning Cost Estimates • Confidence that necessary funds will be available rests on sound cost models and estimating methods. Format, content and practice of cost estimation vary considerable between countries. • WPDD Study (2010) : • Cost methodologies need to be updated continuously using cost data from actual decommissioning projects – systematic approaches need to be implemented to collect these data. • Changes and growth of project scope may have the greatest impact on project costs – these must identified immediately and incorporated into the estimate. • Other important cost drivers include changes in regulatory requirements; Stakeholder impact; Level of characterisation of material inventory; Availability of waste management routes. Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 13
Decommissioning Cost Estimates (cont’d) NEA/ IAEA/ EC “ Yellow Book” Project on Standardised Cost Structure • Update YB (1999) cost structure to remove ambiguities and to provide greater consistency with conventional project management procedures • Provide a Users’ Manual to guide users on the use of the YB, including QA, data traceability of data; treatment of contingency, risk management and uncertainty; and on preparation of a cost and schedule report Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010 14
Yellow Book Project (2009-2010): M ain Objectives M ain Objectives • Update YB cost structure to remove ambiguities and to provide greater consistency with conventional project management procedures • Provide a Users’ M anual to guide users on the use of the YB, including QA, data traceability of data; treatment of contingency, risk management and uncertainty; and on preparation of a cost and schedule report 15 Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) Seminar: 14-16 September 2010
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