Active fault level management Introducing the Fault Current - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Active fault level management Introducing the Fault Current Limiting service 1

Introduction The Respond The Fault Helping us to Background project Current trial the FCL Limiting service (FCL) service 2

Introducing Electricity North West 4.9 million 2.4 million 25 terawatt hours £12 billion of network assets 56 000 km of network  96 bulk supply substations 363 primary substations  33 000 transformers 3

UK energy challenges + 2015 2020 2030 2050 60% reduction in CO 2 80% CO 2 reduction 1/3 gas 15% of energy from 1/3 electricity renewables Electricity demand Significant increase in 1/3 oil increases, driven by electricity demand 34% reduction in CO 2 electric cars & heat Generation mix is pumps radically ‘overhauled Distribution network capacity significantly increases Uncertainty in future demand and generation  Difficult to predict demand  More pressure to meet customers’ needs at minimum cost 4

Background Competitive competition Funded by GB customers Learning, dissemination & governance 4 th of ENWL’s five successful Tier 2 / NIC projects System Purchase Project Post fault Closedown Site selection Design installation FCL Safety case Starts analysis May 2015 Nov 2015 & Go Live customer Sep 2018 Oct 2018 Jan 2015 Apr 2018 Financial May 2016 Apr 2018 benefits Investment Project partners Up to £5.5 £4.9m at project million scale 5

Respond video 6

Fluctuating fault level Fault level reinforcement is disruptive, lengthy and expensive which can discourage connection of new demand/ generation NETWORK RECONFIGURATION Can we manage these issues without expensive reinforcement ? 7

What is fault current? Water Valve Leak pump CHP Plant Circuit Generators Fault breaker Turning off some of the flow of electricity from generation sources, for just a few minutes when a fault occurs will prevent damage to the electricity network. 8

1: Background (Fault current) One connected network Sources of electricity Fault current ! Electricity can be generated A rush of current from every All electrical plant, in a number of ways: source of generation to the equipment, cables are point of the fault connected together as one Rotating machines electrical system This fault current depends on Solid state (PV panels) the type and size of Any change or fault has an generator and distance to impact on the whole system the fault It’s just a matter of scale Fault current is the total of all individual fault currents produced by every connected source of generation 9

1: Background (Protective devices) This prevents the Each protective Public and Electrical These devices uncontrolled device has its private electrical networks are detect the fault release of energy limits networks are designed to have current and at the fault designed to fail protective disconnect the Operation location and safe by law devices such as fault from the rest beyond those removes the fault fuses, switches of the network limits could cause and circuit it to fail and breakers in key cause a second locations fault 10

Respond – the fault level challenge Networks are Design takes designed to meet account of ! customers’ load worst case or demand scenario If fault level Respond is higher than reduces fault level safety level, to within safety traditional capacity, using one approach means of three innovation asset replacement solutions 11

Respond To reduce fault level we need to disconnect sources of fault current Generator Motor If spinning when a fault occurs, Designed for generation of momentum of motor and magnetic electricity field cause electricity to flow towards the fault  Every source will contribute to the fault current  Larger sources will contribute more   Generators will contribute more than similar rated motors  12

Fault Current Limiting (FCL) service at up to five external sites Fault current generated by customers can be disconnected using new technology Financial benefits to customers taking part and long term to all customers We are now engaging with customers, to take part in a trial of the FCL service Suitability for the FCL service is dependent on: The demand or generation capacity of your equipment / Your organisation’s operating voltage / The Fault Level on the part of the network that supplies you. 13

• FCL service video 14

Current situation: Total fault current could overload a circuit breaker A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits. Customer providing FCL service Other domestic and business customers 15

Respond Scenario: Fault current reduced by customer providing FCL service Customer providing FCL service Other domestic and business customers Customer protection operates before our CB Motor or generation source remotely turned off by Electricity North West for just a few minutes, so that it no longer contributes to the fault current. 16

Real time mitigation techniques REAL TIME ASSESSMENT TOOL RATING POTENTIAL FAULT CURRENT The technique will only operate when the fault level is exceeded and All Techniques are disabled until the FLAT tool enables them when fault FLAT enables the technique, then we need to have a network fault. level is exceeded . Therefore the probability of triggering is low, so we have the ability in the When fault level is lowered then FLAT will disable the technique FLAT tool to reduce fault triggering level to test the techniques Fail safe - Techniques will be enabled if no signal is received after 5 minutes 17

Customer A : 5MW generator near to the primary substation FAULT LEVEL ASSESSMENT TOOL Organisation with synchronous 5MW generator & NETWORK MANAGEMENT FCL service SYSTEM Primary substation FAULT LEVEL HIGH ENABLE THE FCL SERVICE NETWORK FAULT OCCURS RESPONSE ACTIVATED - CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPS 18

Your fault history (last 5 years) Activating the Enabling the Fault History Loss of supply FCL service FCL service 40 faults In 5 years your factory Of these 40 faults On average has experienced 8 in 5 years twice 1 where the type that on circuits out of the per annum primary substation fault that interrupted could have activated your electricity supply the FCL service supplying your site 8 each year But Only IF Fault Level was high at the on average time 19

Customer A - contribution to Fault Level and indicative payments available Generator type Synchronous Capacity of generator (MW) 5 MW Operating Capacity Full Constant Operating Frequency Fault level contribution 6 X (multiplier of MVA nameplate rating) Maximum Fault Level contribution 30 MVA (MVA) Distance to primary substation 0 Actual Fault Level contribution at the 30 MVA Term of primary substation contract Historical fault events per year 2 (years) Annual availability payment £53,065 1 £63,678 2 £76,291 3 £84,904 4 £95,517 5 20

FCL service Contribution to fault current (water analogy) Leak Water pump Generator Fault 21

FCL service – effect of impedance Water Valve Leak pump Network Circuit Breaker Generator Fault at primary substation 22

Customer B: 5MW generator a distance from the primary substation FAULT LEVEL ASSESSMENT TOOL Organisation with synchronous 5MW NETWORK generator MANAGEMENT SYSTEM & FCL service FAULT LEVEL HIGH ENABLE THE Primary FCL SERVICE substation NETWORK FAULT OCCURS RESPONSE ACTIVATED - CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPS 23

Customer B - contribution to Fault Level and indicative payments available Synchronous Generator type 5 MW Capacity of generator (MW) Operating Capacity Full Operating Frequency Constant Fault level contribution 6 X (multiplier of MVA nameplate rating) Maximum Fault Level contribution (MVA) 30 MVA Distance to primary substation Site embedded further Impedance calculation out in the network (length, size & type of cable) Actual Fault Level contribution at the Term of 6 MVA primary substation contract (years) Historical fault events per year 2 Annual availability payment £10,613 1 £12,736 2 £14,858 3 £16,980 4 £21,226 5 24

Fault Current Limiting service Getting involved in the trial £ Is there a What You have Are you What long-term technical equipment willing for commercial benefit to all arrangements that can equipment to arrangements GB need to be in contribute to be need to be in customers? place? fault current disconnected place? if required? What is the scale of the benefit? 25

Next steps Feb Apr May Jun Oct 2016 2016 2016 2018 2018 Customer Customer Agree Trial Closedown engagement Consultation contract Customer Report Survey and Contract and Install and survey and findings results technical test post event negotiations technologies analysis Knowledge sharing and dissemination 26

For more information on Respond www.enwl.co.uk/respond www.enwl.co.uk/respond-survey www.enwl.co.uk/respond-videos e futurenetworks@enwl.co.uk 0800 195 4141 Thank you for your time and attention 27

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 28