Interactive nteractive Database for atabase for Emission mission Analysis nalysis - IDEA IDEA - A Tool for Urban Air A Tool for Urban Air Pollution Analysis Pollution Analysis Eri Saikawa Eri Saikawa East Asia Region East Asia Region The World Bank The World Bank School of Public and Environmental Affairs School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University Indiana University August 11, 2004 August 11, 2004 Outline Outline � Context of Integrated Air Quality Context of Integrated Air Quality Management (IAQM) Management (IAQM) � Critical Need for Information in IAQM Critical Need for Information in IAQM � Interactive Database for Emission Analysis Interactive Database for Emission Analysis (IDEA) (IDEA) � Case Studies Case Studies � IDEA IDEA – Potential Uses and Limitations Potential Uses and Limitations � Future Directions Future Directions 1
Air Pollution Air Pollution � Environmental degradation is a priority issue Environmental degradation is a priority issue in the developing world in the developing world � Air pollution is a problem which has significant Air pollution is a problem which has significant social, social , economic economic and and environmental environmental impacts impacts � Key factors: Key factors: • Increasing Urban Population/Industrialization Increasing Urban Population/Industrialization • Growing Vehicular Demand/Domestic Needs Growing Vehicular Demand/Domestic Needs Urbanization is increasing… Urbanization is increasing 2
Including in East Asia Including in East Asia… Health Risks of Air Pollution Health Risks of Air Pollution PM PM - premature mortality, lung, potential effects premature mortality, lung, potential effects on heart on heart SO 2 - respiratory, possibly mortality effects SO respiratory, possibly mortality effects CO CO - circulatory system, Heart circulatory system, Heart O 3 - respiratory system, lung respiratory system, lung NO NO x - respiratory, precursor of O respiratory, precursor of O 3 Pb - nerv ous system, brain Pb nerv ous system, brain 3
Air pollution impacts Air pollution impacts many urban areas in Asia many urban areas in Asia 400 400 PM 10 Limit = 50 µg/m 3 (WHO, 1999) 350 350 SPM Limit = 90 µg/m 3 (WHO, 1999) 300 300 NO 2 Limit = 40 µg/m 3 (WHO, 1999) g/m concentration in µg/m SO 2 Limit = 50 µg/m 3 (WHO, 1999) 250 250 concentration in 200 200 150 150 100 100 50 50 0 e e k k g g i i o o g g a a i i r r l l a a n n n n a a a a a a i i a a o o o o n n l l e e o o u u a a b b t t h h k k h h y y k k i i m m o o t t i i b b n n s s q q r r a a n n l l a a p p o o g g k k K K m m e e g g a a k k a a s s u u a a e e u u g g D D n n o o o o k k l l P P S S n n B B M M u u O O g g a a n n l l a a o o T T a a g g o o o o J J K K M M w w n n h h B B n n C C i i S S h h e e S S o o C C N N H H Source: Information collecte Source: Information collecte d from national and local go d from national and local go vernment vernmentagen agen cies thro cies thro ugh CAI ugh CAI-Asia netwo Asia netwo rk, 200 rk, 200 3, detailed source 3, detailed source s availabl s availabl e from CAI e from CAI-Asia Secretariat Asia Secretariat How can this be How can this be addressed effectively? addressed effectively? � Recognition of problem and management Recognition of problem and management options options � An integrated air quality management An integrated air quality management (IAQM) approach (IAQM) approach � Adequate knowledge base and analytical Adequate knowledge base and analytical tools tools � Effective collaboration across stakeholders Effective collaboration across stakeholders towards a shared goal towards a shared goal 4
Key elements of IAQM Key elements of IAQM OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES Focus on key Focus on key � pollutants (e.g. fine pollutants (e.g. fine Air Qualit y Air Qualit y particulates) particulates) Improve Improve � understanding of understanding of I m I m pact s pact s Sour ces Sour ces key pollution key pollution sources sources Assess impacts Assess impacts � Analysis of Analysis of � alternative alternative I nt egr at ed I nt egr at ed management management Air Q ualit y Air Q ualit y strategies/options strategies/options P P oli cy oli cy Management Management Techni cal Techni cal Opti ons Opti ons Opti ons Opti ons Economi c Economi c Opti ons Opti ons Typical constraints for IAQM Typical constraints for IAQM � Systematic Systematic collation collation of existing data and of existing data and information information � Up Up-to to-date and consistent date and consistent database database (on (on pollution sources and ambient levels, pollution sources and ambient levels, impacts, and responses) and effective impacts, and responses) and effective integrative integrative analytical tools analytical tools � Stakeholder interaction Stakeholder interaction and and institutional institutional capacity capacity 5
Conceptual framework for Conceptual framework for this initiative this initiative � Collation: Collation: Systematically organize existing Systematically organize existing information on selected cities to aid IAQM information on selected cities to aid IAQM � Database & Tools: Database & Tools: Development of Development of IDEA IDEA – an Interactive Database for Emissions an Interactive Database for Emissions Analysis Analysis � Stakeholders: Stakeholders: Building partnerships to Building partnerships to develop a shared knowledge base develop a shared knowledge base Case Study Cities Case Study Cities Beijing Beijing Shanghai Shanghai Bangkok Bangkok Hanoi Hanoi Jakarta Jakarta 6
What is IDEA? What is IDEA? eorology eorology Distribution & Activity Distribution & Activity Ambient Air Quality Level Ambient Air Quality Level Population Population Dispersion Dispersion Met Met Exposure Exposure Modeling Modeling Assessment Assessment IDEA IDEA Emissions Emissions • Systematic Knowle Systematic Knowle dge dge Base (sources, ambient Base (sources, ambient Exposure Exposure levels, impacts, options) levels, impacts, options) •Use in impact assessment Use in impact assessment and analysis of alternatives and analysis of alternatives Management Options Management Options Damage Damage Dose-Response/ Dose Response/ Assessment Assessment Valuation Valuation •Economic Economic •Administrative Administrative Economic & Policy Economic & Policy Assessment Assessment •Policy Policy •Technical Technical Integrated Modeling/ Integrated Modeling/ Stak Stak eholder Feedback eholder Feedback What Types of Information What Types of Information does IDEA focus on? does IDEA focus on? � General General � Sources & Emissions Sources & Emissions � Ambient Levels Ambient Levels � Impacts Impacts � Options Options 7
General General � Ongoing Projects Ongoing Projects � Policies, Legislation Policies, Legislation Ja k arta B eijing Sh an gha i H an oi � Population Population Population (20 0 0) 1 1,01 8 ,0 00 13 ,8 2 0,00 0 16 ,7 4 0,00 0 3 ,7 51 ,0 0 0 2 ) Are a (km 6 61 .5 2 1 6 80 0 6 34 0.5 91 8 � GIS Databases GIS Databases Mo nito ring d ata 3 ) T SP (µg /m 1 1 .6 -18 9 .2 3 70 16 2 3 ) � Maps Maps PM (µg /m 4 5 -14 6 10 3 ) N O x (µg /m 4 5 -18 7 7 1 6 2 3 ) � Studies Studies SO (µg /m 9 .5 -40 .5 6 4 4 3 1-9 8 2 Pollutants and Sources Pollutants and Sources Anthropogenic Sources Anthropogenic Sources Industrial and Power Sector Industrial and Power Sector Coal, Fuel Oil, NG Coal, Fuel Oil, NG Domestic Sector Domestic Sector Coal, Biofuels, NG/LPG Coal, Biofuels, NG/LPG Transportation Sector Transportation Sector Gasoline, Diesel, CNG/LPG Gasoline, Diesel, CNG/LPG 8
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