A LOOK BACK 2 1 5/19/2020 WHAT DOES THE LITTLE WORD OF MEAN? - PDF document

5/19/2020 1 WHAT DOES THE LITTLE WORD “OF MEAN? POSSIBILITY #1 “a function word indicating POSESSION” THE WORLD OF THE NT = THE WORLD OF THE TEXT / CREATED BY THE TEXT “A LOOK BACK” 2 1

5/19/2020 WHAT DOES THE LITTLE WORD “OF MEAN? POSSIBILITY #1 “a function word indicating POSESSION” THE WORLD OF THE NT = THE WORLD OF THE TEXT / CREATED BY THE TEXT “3 WORLDS” 3 WHAT DOES THE LITTLE WORD “OF MEAN? POSSIBILITY #1 “a function word indicating POSESSION” THE WORLD OF THE NT = THE WORLD OF THE TEXT / CREATED BY THE TEXT HISTORY 4 2

5/19/2020 WHAT DOES THE LITTLE WORD “OF MEAN? POSSIBILITY #1 “a function word indicating POSESSION” THE WORLD OF THE NT = THE WORLD OF THE TEXT / CREATED BY THE TEXT POLITICS 5 BOOKS 6 3

5/19/2020 P H R Y E S M I A C I A N L S 7 L I R T E E M R A A I R N Y S 8 4

5/19/2020 S C C O O N P T E E N T S 9 10 5

5/19/2020 11 12 6

5/19/2020 13 Apocrypha: Taken out of Hiding • 12 to18 books (depends who’s counting!) • Kinds: history, historical fiction/legend, wisdom, proverbs, prayers, a psalm, a song & an apocalypse. • All predate NT (except some parts of 2 Esdras) • Influence NT: through allusions & recurring ideas/themes • Real value : shows how the OT was being used and supplemented by Jewish authors 14 7

5/19/2020 No Formulaic Introduction or Direct Attribution 15 Pseudepigrapha: Falsely Attributed Using Pen Names • 60+ and many kinds • Most predate NT, some don’t • Influence the NT: through allusions and recurring ideas/themes but also “cited” in Jude • Real value : show variety of response to the “yoke of the gentiles” and diversity of Jewish culture 16 8

5/19/2020 DSS or Qumran Scrolls • 800+ books and fragments • All written c. 168BC to 70AD • All kinds: all written in Hebrew/Aramaic entire book of Isaiah, apocalyptic, and a “community rule” • Influence the NT through allusions and recurring ideas/themes (but may link to John the Baptist?) 17 Philo Judaeus Philo of Alexandria • Born c. 15-10 (during reign of Herod the Great) • 35+ books & live in Alexandria (the diaspora) • Kinds: Essays on scripture, philosophy, religion, contemporary events, people, groups using allegory to draw parallels between OT and Gr-Rom philosophy • Influence NT through allusions and recurring ideas/themes (Paul’s allegory of Sarah & Hagar in Galatians 4) 18 9

5/19/2020 Flavius Josephus or Josephus ben Matthias • Born c. 37 AD (during reign of Caligula) • Raised in a family of priestly and royal? Descent • Studied Jewish laws & experienced life among Jewish group s • Commander in 1 st Jewish War 66-70AD • 4 books history, autobiography and a defence of Judaism • Influences NT by providing info about 1 st Century the background and context of the NT 19 The Targums & Early Rabbinical Literature • Def: Aramaic Paraphrases of OT • Origin: Synagogues of the IT, NT, and … • Date: Some pre but most post NT • Influence: wording of OT in NT & introduce ideas & themes echoed in the NT 20 10

5/19/2020 The Targums & Early Rabbinical Literature • Def: Collections of comments by Hakamin (P harasac rabbis) on Torah (Mishnah) & other OT books (Midrash) • Dates: ? To 6 th C - most post NT, a few Pre • Names: MIshnah, Jerusalem Talmud, Babylonian Talmud + early Midrashim the Tosefta, and the Gemara 21 Magical Texts Medical Texts Mystery Texts about Mystery Religions Mythical Texts And that’s just the M’s! 22 11

5/19/2020 “Alright, let’s start by having you look for wisdom & spirit in the Jewish Then we’ll go on to stuff: in the the DSS & Philo … Apocrypha; and then we’ll go Ecclesiasticus & back to Paul & the Wisdom of John.” Solomon. 23 Where does the Apocrypha come from? AND Why is it in some Bibles but not in mine? 24 12

5/19/2020 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LzGYlQTe3A 25 Where was the Apocrypha Hiding? 26 13

5/19/2020 27 28 14

5/19/2020 A Canon is a “measuring stick” defining Christian faith & practice 29 Roman Catholics, Orthodox, & Coptic “measure” the A “in” Some Protestants do too (Luth/Episc) BUT view it as “Deuterocanonical” 30 15

5/19/2020 Athanasius measures 39 books OT & 27 books NT AND includes Apocryphal books (367 AD) AND “canonizes” all of them. 31 The Muratorian Canon 32 16

5/19/2020 • Pope Damscus presides over the Council of Rome • Agrees with Athanasius • Asks Jerome to translate all books into Latin (The Vulgate) 33 REFORMATION • Leaders look behind Vulgate to “the canon of the ancient church & the books of the Hebrew Bible.” • Luther and C of E include Apocrypha in 3 rd section 34 17

5/19/2020 The Westminster Confession 35 The Belgic Confession 36 18

5/19/2020 Jewish Literature Between the Bible and the Mishnah by George Nickelsburg Ancient Texts for New Testament Studies by Craig Evens www.earlyjewishwritings.com www.torreys.org/bible / 37 38 19

5/19/2020 39 20