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Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Julian Timpner, Lars Wolf IEVC 2012

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion V-Charge Project Goals A system combining autonomous valet parking with e-mobility Increasing customer acceptance of electric vehicles By compensating for longer charging cycles Challenges Efficiently using scarce charging resources Multiple communication channels (V2I, Web, mobile) Autonomous driving and parking (not in this talk) IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 2 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

V-Charge Partners

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Motivation Scenario: EV driver at airport Roam for a free spot Use shuttle services Transport luggage What about charging? Disadvantages Cumbersome Only few charging stations Makes it even harder to find parking IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 4 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Solution: V-Charge Autonomous Parking and Charging Charging Charging Station Station Drop-off Drop-off and Pick-up Zone Zone (a) Drop-off (b) Reparking IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 5 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Required Back-end Functionality Communication with vehicles and mobile user devices Management of the overall system Scheduling concepts and assignment of free parking spots and charging stations to connected vehicles Distribution of mission information to connected vehicles IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 6 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Supporting Back-end Functionality Storage and online distribution of a parking lot map to connected vehicles Sensor data aggregation (e.g., parking spot occupation) and fusion with central map System monitoring, with status information being available via a user interface Security and trust concepts IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 7 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Outline Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 8 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Use Cases V-Charge System reserve parking spot drop off vehicle pick up vehicle Administration User view status manage parking situation information «extends» assign charging «extends» «extends» station «extends» assign parking spot update vehicle's mission goal manage overall vehicle movement IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 9 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Use Case: Pick-up :User :HMI :V-Server :Vehicle heartbeat pick-up request pick-up request heartbeat activate send map & mission goal plan path confirmation confirmation confirmation path start mission send status update schedule wait for takeover takeover takeover check out IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 10 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Domain Model Requirement -arrival -departure -energy * Groups -groupname 1 1 Customer Vehicle Schedule -email -licencePlate -arrival -owner -vehicles -schedules -firstName -battery -departure -lastName -position -status 1 * 1 * -password -status -delay * 1 1 1 -destination * Site ParkingLot Reservation -name -name -position -startTime -capacity -status -endTime 1 1..* 1 * -type IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 11 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Component Specification Management <<component>> MapManager Map Update Parking Situation <<component>> <<component>> VehicleManager Vehicle Command LotManager Parking Requirements Vehicle Status <<component>> CustomerManager Registration Vehicle Check-in Vehicle Handover Vehicle Pick-up Vehicle Status IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 12 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Software Technology and Deployment V-Charge Server <<https>> EJB Container WebContainer DBServer CustomerManager V-Charge Website SQL Server LotManager MapManager * -End6 * -End5 Map Storage RESTful Web Services VehicleManager <<https>> IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 13 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Vehicle Interaction Concept [User checks in vehicle] CHECKED_IN [User activates communications system] WAITING_FOR_HANDOVER [User initiates handover] [Vehicle receives mission goal] WAITING_FOR_COMMANDS EN_ROUTE [Vehicle ends mission] [User summons car] WAITING_FOR_TAKEOVER PARKED [User gets into car] DEACTIVATED IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 14 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Outline Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 15 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion On-going Work Concepts for efficient charging station management (scheduling) Evaluating suitability of different scheduling strategies Real test cases with actual vehicles (April 2012) IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 16 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Summary Back-end architecture for autonomous valet parking automatic recharging capabilities Standards-based, e.g., Java EE, RESTful Web services, SSL Portable Scalable Secure Supporting multiple communications channels (V2I, Web, mobile) IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 17 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Motivation Software Architecture Conclusion Summary Back-end architecture for autonomous valet parking automatic recharging capabilities Standards-based, e.g., Java EE, RESTful Web services, SSL Portable Scalable Secure Supporting multiple communications channels (V2I, Web, mobile) Thank you! timpner@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 17 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Section 4 Appendix

Appendix Communications Support of several data channels Wi-Fi (802.11a) as standard 3G, C2X to be considered Mobile users will use a smartphone to interact with the system Server will distribute maps and updates via Wi-Fi to the vehicles Administration via Web interface IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 19 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Appendix Security Concept 1. CSR CA 2. Cuser 3. Mutual Authentication User 4. Cv1 V-Charge Server 6. Mutual Authentication 5. Cvcharge, Cv1 7. Mutual Authentication Vehicle V1 Vehicle V2 IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 20 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks

Appendix Charging Station Scheduling SchedulingStrategy +controlAdmission() +schedule() +removeReservation() +retractReservation() GuaranteeBasedStrategy EDFStrategy #csCache ScanningOnlyStrategy ShiftingPerStationStrategy GreedyDistributionStrategy FlexibleGreedyDistributionStrategy IEVC 2012 Julian Timpner Page 21 A Back-end System for an Autonomous Parking and Charging System for Electric Vehicles Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks