WATER FOR EVER Legal context A. 1. International Conventions 2. South African Legislation 3. Swaziland Legislation Evolution of KOBWA B. 1. Treaties 2. Evolution Stages 3. Main Objectives 4. Need for Bi-national Executive Arrangement 5. Mandate 6. Functions Funding and Benefit Sharing A. 1. Project Cost Sharing Project Benefits D. 1. Examples of Completed Community Development Projects 2. Current Community Development Projects (In Progress) Success Factors D. Challenges E.
ARE REA OPERA RATED TED BY KOBWA WA
WATER FOR EVER
WATER FOR EVER Article 3(3) says, “ Watercourse States may enter into one or more agreements, hereinafter referred to as ‘watercourse Agreements’, which apply and adjust the provisions of the present Convention to the characteristics and uses of a particular international watercourse or part thereof.”
WATER FOR EVER Article 3(5) “State Parties undertake to pursue and establish close cooperation with regard to the study and execution of all projects likely to have an effect on the regime of the shared watercourse.” Article 5(3)(a) “Watercourse States undertake to establish appropriate institutions such as watercourse commissions, water authorities or Boards.”
Article 102, “The Minister may, in consultation with Cabinet, by notice in Gazette, establish a body to implement any international agreement entered into between South African Government and a foreign government relating to (a) investigating, managing, monitoring and protecting water resources; (b) regional cooperation on water resources; (c) acquiring, constructing, altering, operating and maintaining a water-work or (d) the allocation, use and supply of water.”
WATER FOR EVER Section 19(1) recognizes under the “International Water Bodies”; ◦ The bilateral Joint Water Commissions ◦ Komati Basin Water Authority (KOBWA) ◦ Trilateral Commissions Involving South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique.”
Period Phase Functions Tasks Member states’ function – co- 1948 - 1992 Pre - KOBWA Development of Treaties operation 1992 – 2001/2 Project Management Contracts Management Monitor • Design Control • Construction Corporate Support Service Loans Develop personnel management systems Resettlement Management Preparation for Post – Construction ISOTG Rules Phase Water Management Plan 2002 – Present System Operation & Maintenance Infrastructure Management Plans, Procedures & Tools • • Operate Develop • • Maintain Implement Water Resource Management Plans, Procedures & Tools • Develop • Implement Resettlement Management Plans, Procedures & Tools • Develop • Implement Corporate Support Service Loans Develop personnel management systems 2015/16 Commence Review of Treaty Initiate process to Review /Amend Treaty
• 1962 62 – South th Africa ca compl pletes etes Nooitged gedacht acht Dam Dam • 1966 66 – Swazilan iland d compl pletes etes Sand nd River er Dam • 1969 69 – Tech chnical nical meetings ings start between en Mozamb mbique, ique, South th Africa a & S Swaziland iland • 1972 72 – South th Africa ca compl pletes etes Vygebo eboom om Dam Dam • 1978 78 – Swazilan iland d and South h Africa a form the JPTC 1981 81 – JPTC C cann nnot agree e on minimum imum flow in in • Komati Ko i River er on western rn border r of Swaziland iland 1981 81 – At m meeting ing of Minis isters ers in Cape Town n agreed eed • to a appoint int consult sultant ant to perform rm joint recon on- -nais issance sance study of water er relate ated issues es in Basin
• 1981 1981 – JPTC TC appoi oints nts a s single le co consulta sultant nt to perform orm Joint t Re Reco conna nais issan sance ce Study dy • 1983 1983 – JPTC TC ap approv oves es Re Reco conn nnai aissance ssance Study dy &: &: » Study dy quanti ntifi fies s water r requireme irements nts for 19 1981 81 land use and the water requir irem ements nts that were agreed d to by JPTC TC » Study dy co confirms firms that at wat ater er shortages tages al alrea eady dy existed ted in 19 1981 81 » Study dy finds ds that t poten enti tial al water r requirements irements exce ceed ed the poten enti tial al water r suppli plies es by far » Adopts ts a p phased ed approa roach ch to deve velop lop water r res esourc urces es to provide ovide for incr creasing easing wat ater er requireme irements nts
• 1983 1983 – JPTC TC approve oves s Re Reco connaissa nnaissanc nce e Study dy &: &: » Re Reco comm mmends nds a j joint nt first st phase se co consi sisting sting of Driekop koppi pies es and Maguga uga Dams » Re Reco comm mmends nds proce ceeding ding with h Feasibi ibility lity Study dy for Drieko kopp ppies ies and Maguga uga Dams » Re Reco comm mmends nds princ nciples ples for water r use alloca cati tions ons » Develops elops prelimina iminary ry cr crite teria ria for possi sible ble co cost t apporti ortionm onmen ent
• 1983 1983 – Mozambi zambique, que, South th Africa ca and Swazila iland nd form m TP TPTC TC • 1985 1985 – TP TPTC TC mee eetings tings ar are e suspen pended ded • 1986 1986 – JPTC TC prepar ares es Draft ft Memorandum orandum of Agreement ement between een South th Africa ca and Swazi zila land nd for phase sed d dev evelopme elopment nt an and utili lisa sation tion of wat ater er resources urces of Koma omati ti Ri River Basin
1984 1984 – Feasibil bility ty Study y co comme mmenc nced ed 1985 1985 – Feasibil bility ty Study y co comple pleted ted 1986 1986 – JPTC TC approve oves s Feasibil bility ty Study y &: &: Re Reco comm mmends nds to proceed ceed imme mediate diately ly with h Driekop koppie pies and Maguga uga Dams s as a j joint t singl gle e first st phase se project ct Re Reco comm mmends ends wat ater er use e al allocations cations Agrees s on princip nciple les s for water r alloca cati tion on and co cost t apporti ortionm onmen ent
• 1989 89 – TPTC TC meeting tings s resume ume • 1989 89 – JPTC C complet letes es draft Bilate ateral ral Ko Komati ti Basin n and JWC Treati aties es &: &: » Agrees to Project ect consis isting ting of t two Sub-phas phases es: » Sub Sub-phase hase 1A – Driekop koppies ies Dam Dam » Sub Sub-phase hase 1B – Magug uga Dam » Ancil illary lary Works • 1990 90 – Swazilan iland d perform rms indep epen enden ent feasibilit ility study y of Maguga ga Dam and the intende ended use of of wate ter, , and to to r revi view ew bot oth draft t Treati aties es
• 1991 1991 – Tr Trilate tera ral l Piggs gs Peak k Agreement ment signe ned » Mozambi zambique que agrees es to co constr struc uctio tion n of Proje ject ct » Par artie ties s ag agree ee to inter erim im minimum nimum cr cross ss- borde der r flow w at Komati matipoor poort » Partie ties s agree e to perform orm joint t study dy of Incomati comati Basin » South th Africa ca ag agree ees s in inter erim im to co consult sult at at TP TPTC TC if wanting ing to exce ceeding ding ce certa tain in new water r abstr trac actio tion n and stora rage ge limits its
SWAZILAND SOUTH AFRICA MOZAMBIQUE GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT Repor t Back Report Back & Advise Instructions Instructions Report Back & Advise & Advise SWAZILAND SOUTH AFRICA MOZAMBIQUE Delegation Delegation Delegation Tripartite Permanent Technical Committee (TPTC) Pigg’s Peak Agreement Inkomati System Operations Interim Task Group Rules (ISOTG) IncoMaputo Agreement (IIMA)
SWAZILAND SOUTH AFRICAN GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT Report Back Instructions Instructions & Advise Swaziland South African Delegation Delegation Joint Water Commission Instructions Report Back KOBWA Komati River JWC Treaty Swaziland Board South African Basin Treaty Members Board Members Hydropower Operational Rules Instructions Report Back KOBWA Executive KOMATI JOINT OPERATIONS FORUM
WATER FOR EVER a. Drought of 1981 Exposed Lack of Assurance of Irrig. Water b. “Pigg’s Peak Agreement” (1991) – Mozambique Agreed to RSA/GOS Bi-national Developments with Condition of Minimum Flow in Ressano Garcia c. Joint Water Commission (JWC) Treaty between South Africa and Swaziland (1992) ◦ Technical advisor to Parties on Matters Relating to Development and Utilization of Water Resources of Common Interest d. Treaty on the Development and Utilization of Water Resources of the Komati Basin (1992) Provides in principle for the joint development of the Water Resources of the Komati River by South Africa and Swaziland Establishment of KOBWA to implement phase 1
WATER FOR EVER To optimize the utilization of the water resources from the system recognizing the rights of Mozambique To reduce the risk to prior existing farming by increasing the assurance of water supply To provide water for new developments with particular focus on the beneficiation of emerging PDI farmers, settlements and entrepreneurs
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