4MOST – 4m Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope 4MOST and the transient universe Sofia Feltzing (Lund Observatory) www.4MOST.eu
What is 4MOST? • A multi-fibre spectrograph for VISTA on Paranal 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 2
4MOST time line Jan 2015 Consortium consolidated, start Preliminary Design phase Preliminary Design Review, all concepts tested, evaluated, and Jan 2016 costed Jun 2017 Final Design Review, detailed designs finalized Jun 2019 All subsystems manufactured, assembled, integrated and verified Full system integrated and verified at AIP , preliminary acceptance Jun 2020 Europe Dec 2020 Delivery and installation at telescope, preliminary acceptance Chile First science survey of 4MOST, about 30% of targets determined Dec 2020 – by Dec 2025 community surveys 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 3
Tech. spec. as we go into PD (2015) Specification Design value >4.0 degree 2 ( ⌀ >2.5 � ) Field-of-View (hexagon) Multiplex fiber positioner ~2400 Medium Resolution Spectrographs (2x) R~5000–7000 # Fibres 1600 fibres Passband 390-930 nm Velocity accuracy < 2 km/s High Resolution Spectrograph (1x) R~20,000 # Fibres 800 fibres Passband 392-437 & 515-572 & 605-675 nm Velocity accuracy < 1 km/s # of fibers in ⌀ =2’ circle >3 ⌀ =1.4 arcsec Fibre diameter >2h x 16,000 deg 2 Area (first 5 year survey) Number of science spectra (5 year) ~75 million of 20 min Bellido et al., Paper 9150-45 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 4
4MOST fibre positioner • Tilting spine (Echidna) style 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 5
Consortium, PI: Roelof de Jong • The consortium consists of 15 institutes – Leibniz Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) – Australian Astronomical Observatory (AAO) – Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge (IoA) – Ludwigs-Maximilians-Unversität München (LMU) – Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg / Landessternwarte (ZAH/ LSW) – Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) – Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA) – Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL) – European Southern Observatory (ESO) – Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie (NOVA) – Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) – Laboratoire d’Etudes des Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation (GEPI) – Rijksunversiteit Groningen (RuG) – Lunds Universitet (Lund) – Uppsala Universitet (UU) 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 6
Consortium, in detail (online) Institute Instrument responsibility Science responsibility Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) Management and System Engineering, Milky Way Disk/Bulge LR Telescope interface (including WFC), Metrology, Fibre System, Calibration System, Instrument Control, Safety System, System MAIV and Commissioning Australian Astronomical Observatory (AAO) Fibre Positioner Galaxy Groups Survey (WAVES) Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon Low Resolution Spectrographs Galaxy Cluster Survey (CRAL) European Southern Observatory (ESO) Detectors System Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge (IoA) Data Management System Milky Way Halo LR Ludwigs-Maximilians-Unversität München (LMU) Instrument Control System Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik Science Operations System X-ray selected Galaxy Clusters, X- (MPE) ray selected AGN Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg High Resolution Spectrograph, Milky Way Halo HR (ZAH) Instrument Control System Software Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG) Milky Way Halo LR Lunds Universitet (Lund) Milky Way Disk/Bulge HR Uppsala Universitet (UU) Laboratoire d’Etudes des Galaxies, Etoiles, TBD Physique et Instrumentation (GEPI) 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 7
4MOST principle • 4MOST runs all the time: minimal instrument changes, running almost all of the time during 2 x 5 year surveys. • 4MOST provides a total package: the target selection, operations and survey strategy, instrument capabilities, and high level data product delivery. • One design fits many science cases: the number of observing modes (e.g., spectrograph configurations) kept to a minimum, a general-purpose, reliable, yet simple instrument, operations concept and data analysis software. • With many science cases running at the same time in parallel, all the time. 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 8
4MOST principle • Unique operations for MOS instruments that allows observations for most science cases • 4MOST program defined by Public Surveys of 5 years • Surveys will be defined by Consortium and Community • All Surveys will run in parallel • Key Surveys will define observing strategy – Millions of targets across the sky • Add-on Surveys for smaller surveys – Small fraction fibers all sky – Dedicated small area – 10 3 to 10 6 targets 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 9
4MOST expected performance HR 20 ¡min ¡ 2 ¡h LR 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 10
4MOST HR in context 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 11
4MOST surveys • Community (you?) • Consortium • 8 surveys • Proposals for public surveys through open - 4 Galactic science call from ESO - 4 Extra galactic science • Evaluations in OPC and • Large science efforts survey panel(s) providing everything up to • Implemented alongside final data-products consortium surveys • Consortium and community surveys will work together on many survey related aspects 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 12
4MOST science organisation • PI Roelof de Jong • Project scientists – Richard McMahon (IoA): extra-galactic science – Sofia Feltzing (Lund): Galactic science • 8 surveys with 2 survey PIs each (GalSci HR disk+Bulge led by Thomas Bensby and Maria Bergemann) • >6 infrastructure working groups providing pipelines, classifications etc (abundance pipeline led by Karin Lind and Georges Kordopatis) 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 13
4MOST community surveys – when and how? • ESO will issue a call for proposals, likely during 2018 • By then the consortium surveys will be defined and documented such that the community knows what to propose • The community will have access to planning tools such as the survey simulator to be able to study how their survey can be realised • The community surveys will join the consortium surveys for final planning and execution ➡ Need to get working on catalogues etc to be ready for the 2018 call 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 14
What can 4MOST do for transient science? • Scheduled follow-up with relatively short lead-time will be feasible – example: LSST SN-alerts can be easily allocated in the survey fields (> 25k transients per year) • Surveys of known transient/variable sky – Complementing asteroseismic observations such as CoRoT and PLATO – Nature of peculiar variable stars discovered by Gaia, LSST, Euclid – Radial velocities time series of low mass binary systems 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 15
Want to know more? • Talk to the project scientists (Richard McMahon, SF) • de Jong (2011) Msngr 145 14 • Recent SPIE contributions (search for 4MOST in ADS): – de Jong et al. (2014) 4MOST: 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope – Haynes et al. (2014) The 4MOST instrument concept overview – Haynes et al. (2014) 4MOST fiber feed concept design – Boller & Dwelly (2012) The 4MOST facility simulator: instrument and science optimisation www.4most.eu 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 16
Gaia science alerts • http://www.gaia.ac.uk/selected-gaia- science-alerts • Currently in validation phase 08:59:08 nonTdetecEon(2014T12T13 19:50 2015T01T new(blue(source(next(to 30(Jan Not Not Gaia15aas 26 177.77638 28.22181 18.91 unknown SDSS(galaxy((z=0.051),(last 2015, known known 10:58:28 nonTdetecEon(2014T12T15 19:47 new(blue(source(next(to 2015T01T SDSS(galaxy,(last(nonT 30(Jan Not Not Gaia15aar 17 203.03705 34.69049 18.28 SN(Ia detecEon(2014T12T15, 2015, known known 09:07:17 =CSS150118T 19:45 133209+344127 2015T01T new(blue(source(next(to 30(Jan Not Not Gaia15aaq 16 205.35303 35.76202 18.51 SN(Ia SDSS(galaxy((z=0.063),(last 2015, known known 21:06:45 nonTdetecEon(2014T12T15 19:43 2015T01T blue(new(source(in(disk(of 28(Jan Not Not Gaia15aap 12 231.71731 20.62390 18.52 unknown SDSS(galaxy((z=(0.041),(last 2015, known known 21:25:05 nonTdetecEon:(2014T12T20 21:56 2015T01T 26(Jan Not Not new(blue(source(in(SDSS Gaia15aao 12 236.05166 11.27119 17.71 SN(Ia 2015, known known galaxy,(=ASASSNT15bk 03:34:18 16:57 Very(blue(object(T(huge 2014T12T outburst.(Reported(as 24(Jan Gaia15aan 19 241.44997 24.09196 13.03 19.41 0.12 unknown ASASSNT14mo.(Possible(AM 2015, 09:14:21 CVn;(TCP 15:01 J16054809+2405338 4MOST | Transient universe for all, Lund 9-10 February 2015 | Sofia Feltzing 17
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