4.45-5.00 pm : Welcome! 5.00-6.30 pm: “The ecology of collective behavior“ Deborah Gordon (co-organized with the CAMS/EHESS), chair Alan Kirman 6.45-7.30 pm: Buffet 7.30-9.00 pm: “No laws entail the dynamic of the biosphere“ Stuart Kauffman, chair Guiseppe Longo
No Law entails the enabled becoming 0f the biosphere Stuart Kauffman
1) Newton and Reductive Materialism 2) Why do hearts exist in the universe? 3) The function of the heart is to pump blood, a subset of its causal consequences, and also why hearts do exist in the universe. 4) The ever more non ergodic universe above the level of atoms as complexity goes up 5) Kantian wholes
6) Ashkenasy’s 9 peptide collectively autocatalytic set, CAS, as a Kantian Whole that gets to exist above level of atoms in the non ergodic universe, above atoms. 7) The function of a peptide in Ashkenasy’s set is to catalyze the formation of the next one, not jiggle water in petri plate 8) We can, thus, distinguish the function of the peptide as a subset of its causal consequences. This cannot be done in physics, so biology is not reducible to physics 9) Functional closure of Ashenasky’s CAS 10) Functional closure of E. coli
11) Functional sufficiency of E. coli in its world. We cannot state that closure. 12) List all uses of Screw driver! Uses are INDEFINITE AND UNORDERABLE, Thus no ALGORITHM can deduce all or next use of screw driver in Amsterdam. The uses are not prestatable! 13) Adjacent Possible and new uses of screw driver: unprestatable,. There is no probability for there are no priors, we do not know the sample space. Unlike flipping coin 1000 times, where we know beforehand all possible outcomes of 1000 flips, ie w.e know the sample space. 14) Screw driver in space by itself, with cut off hand, not many uses. Screw diver in Amsterdam. Lots of uses. The possible uses of screw driver increase with diversity of other things, processes around, so number of uses is context dependent. We cannot prestate all contexts
15) Evolution of E. coli or other bacterium: All that has to happen is that a molecular screw driver find a new use that enhances fitness of bacterium in its context, and the bacterium with that NEW USE or Function, may be selected. This IS the arrival of the Fitter. This is the emergence of a new function in the biosphere. We cannot prestate new function. 16) No closed set of functionalities as complexity of context increases in biosphere. The elephant’s trunk. The heart, Darwinian preadaptations, next. Darwinian preadaptations drive lots of evolution 17) Swim bladder evolved from lungs of lung fish. 1. not prestatable but in adjacent possible of evolution of biosphere, yet with no probability measure. Not only do we not know what will happen, we don’t even know what CAN happen! Reason fails. 2 swim bladder, once it existed, altered evolution, new fish with altered swim bladders.
18) CRUX, THE NEW SWIM BLADDER IS A NEW ACTUAL IN THE UNIVERSE THAT DOES NOT CAUSE BUT ENABLES A NEW EMPTY ADJACENT POSSIBLE NICHE: A WORM OR BACTERIUM MIGHT EVOLVE TO LIVE ONLY IN SWIM BLADDERS. THE SWIM BLADDER DOES NOT CAUSE BUT ENABLES WORM TO EVOLVE TO LIVE IN SWIM BLADDER. But THAT WORM COMES INTO EXISTENCE “PULLED” BY THE OPPORTUNITY, NOT PUSHED BY CAUSE. BACTERIA EVOLVING “SEIZED THE OPPORTUNITY” TO EVOLVE TO LIVE IN THE SWIM BLADDER. 19) SELECTION “ACTED” TO CRAFT A FUNCTIONING SWIM BLADDER, BUT SELECTION DID NOT ‘ACT’, TO “CREATE” THE NEW ADJACENT POSSIBLE NICHE AFFORDED BY THE NOW EXISTING SWIM BLADDER!, THIS IS NICHE CREATION, NOT NICHE CONSTRUCTION. EVOLUTION IS BUILDING ITS OWN OPPORTUNITIES OF BECOMING WITHOUT SELECTION ACTING TO DO SO. 20) THE MORE THINGS AND PROCESSES, IE THE RICHER THE CONTEXT, THAT IS, THE MORE OPPORTUITIES THERE ARE FOR FURTHER KANTIAN WHOLES TO EXLPOIT THE CONEXT AND COME TO EXIST. BUT THE NEW KANTIAN WHOLES, ORGANISMS, FURTHER ENRICH THE TOTAL CONTEXT!
21) NEW SPECIES CONSTITUTE THE NEW NICHES FOR YET MORE NEW SPECIES. DARWIN’S WEDGE VERUS PATRICK, RUPERT, SLY AND GUS PROTOCELLS AS THE “CRACKS” IN THE EXPAINDING FLOOR OF NATURE. 22) This is why the heart and swim bladders exists in the universe. 23) This is part of why the universe has become complex. The same for the economy in last 50Kyears economy. Why are there iPhones in the universe?
24) No law entails evolution of biosphere. We cannot prestate relevant variables so cannot write differential equations for what will become, so cannot integrate them, so no laws, Newton-like, entail becoming of biosphere. 25) We cannot even mathematize the specific becoming of biosphere, thus cannot prestate which functions will be co- created and come to exist. We have no axiom set We are beyond Godel for no AXIOM set for evolution of biosphere. 26) Reductionism fails for biosphere is part of universe end of reductionism’ hegemony. The end of the hegemony of the Pythagorean dream. THANK YOU
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