3D and 2D radars for open pit slope monitoring Albert Cabrejo, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
3d and 2d radars for open pit slope monitoring
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

3D and 2D radars for open pit slope monitoring Albert Cabrejo, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 11, 2023 360 likes •703 views

3D and 2D radars for open pit slope monitoring Albert Cabrejo, Product Manager (GroundProbe) Acknowledgments From GroundProbe: Patrick Bellett Principal Scientist David Noon VP Sales & Operations From LisaLabs Davide

slide-1
SLIDE 1

3D and 2D radars for open pit slope monitoring

Albert Cabrejo, Product Manager (GroundProbe)

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Acknowledgments

From GroundProbe:

  • Patrick Bellett – Principal Scientist
  • David Noon – VP Sales & Operations

From LisaLabs

  • Davide Leva – Principal Scientist
  • Carlo Rivolta - CEO
slide-3
SLIDE 3

Introduction and Background

  • Real Aperture Radar (RAR) vs Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
  • Radar dimensionality – 3D and 2D radars

3D-RAR 2D-SAR 2D-RAR Tactical (targeted) and strategic (broad area) Safety-critical and background monitoring Rapid-brittle and slow-ductile failures Bench-scale, multi-bench scale, total slope failures All radars (3D-RAR, 2D-SAR and 2D-RAR) are capable to monitor all these combinations Each has particular strengths and trade-offs as well

  • Balanced comparison of 3D-RAR, 2D-SAR and 2D-RAR
  • Co-authors (Drs Bellett, Leva and Rivolta)
slide-4
SLIDE 4

MONITORING STRATEGIES

EFFECTIVE USES OF SLOPE STABILITY RADAR

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Monitoring Strategies

Targeted Monitoring Broad Area Monitoring

  • Monitor known

risks and hazards

  • Highly mobile
  • Flexible positioning
  • Safety-critical for

small/large rapid- brittle failures

  • Find new risks and

hazards

  • Often left at crest or

mid-slope

  • Longer term

monitoring

  • Safety-critical and

background for large slow failures

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Targeted and Broad Area Monitoring Systems

3D Real Aperture Radar (RAR) Dish antenna Pencil beam – small spot on the wall Scans a spot in azimuth and elevation Each spot is also sliced in range Highest confidence for targeted area 2D Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Small antennas on rail Vertical beam – thin stripe on wall Each stripe segmented by range Fixed view forward Longest range Highest resolution 2D Real Aperture Radar (RAR) Long antennas Vertical beam – thin stripe on wall Each stripe segmented by range Rotates the stripe in azimuth (fast) Broadest area covered per unit of time

slide-7
SLIDE 7

3D-RAR

3D Radar sees the world in 3D and generates a radar 3D DTM Azimuth° Elevation°

slide-8
SLIDE 8

3D-RAR

Azimuth° Elevation° 3D Radar sees the world in 3D and generates a radar 3D DTM and projects naturally to front view

slide-9
SLIDE 9

3D-RAR with native front view visualisation

slide-10
SLIDE 10

3D-RAR with native 3D visualisation

Photograph draped over 3D radar DTM

slide-11
SLIDE 11

3D-RAR with native 3D visualisation

Deformation image draped over 3D radar DTM

slide-12
SLIDE 12

3D-RAR with native 3D visualisation

Photograph & deformation image draped over 3D radar DTM

slide-13
SLIDE 13

2D-RAR

Long antennas

Thin, tall, vertical stripe ~0.5° wide and ~60° tall

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Tuesday, December 01, 2015 – Commercial in Confidence – 14

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Tuesday, December 01, 2015 – Commercial in Confidence – 15

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Tuesday, December 01, 2015 – Commercial in Confidence – 16

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Tuesday, December 01, 2015 – Commercial in Confidence – 17

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Tuesday, December 01, 2015 – Commercial in Confidence – 18

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Tuesday, December 01, 2015 – Commercial in Confidence – 19

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Tuesday, December 01, 2015 – Commercial in Confidence – 20

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Tuesday, December 01, 2015 – Commercial in Confidence – 21

slide-22
SLIDE 22

2D Radar with natural plan view image

  • eg. SSR-FX:

60/180 degrees in 2 minutes Azimuth pixels ~ 0.125°/0.5° Range pixels ~ 0.67 m

slide-23
SLIDE 23

180° 180°

Broad area monitoring in Plan view

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Broad area monitoring in Plan view

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Broad area monitoring in Plan view

slide-26
SLIDE 26

2D-SAR

Small antennas Horizontal translation The 2D-SAR generates a broad beam that synthesizes narrow beams in a fixed field of view.

  • eg. SSR-SARx bench-scale at

4.5km range

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Long range monitoring 2D-SAR

Tuesday, December 01, 2015 – Commercial in Confidence – 27

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Tuesday, December 01, 2015 – Commercial in Confidence – 28

Long range monitoring 2D-SAR

2mm over 14 days 5mm over 14 days

slide-29
SLIDE 29
  • 2nd periodical check 6-15 september 2015

Periodic monitoring with 2D-SAR

slide-30
SLIDE 30

1st PC 5mm 2nd PC 60mm Permanent monitoring

Periodic monitoring with 2D-SAR

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Conclusions

  • 3D and 2D radars can be used for targeted and broad

area monitoring – but each has a strength:

  • For targeted monitoring of known high risk areas…
  • 3D-RAR provides high confidence for targeted monitoring
  • Front-view display - users can tactically view the slope as if looking

from front-on.

  • For very broad area monitoring to detect new risk areas …
  • 2D-RAR provides very broad angle coverage quickly
  • Plan-view display - users can strategically view the slope with

reference to other mine geospatial maps (eg. aerial photograph, mine plan, hazards map).

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Conclusions

  • For very long range monitoring …
  • 2D-SAR provides up to 4.5km range over a fixed angle of view
  • For monitoring slopes with very slow rates of movements…
  • 2D-SAR hardware is easy to relocate and geo-reference so small

movements in-between monitoring periods can be measured.

  • For some mines, an integrated solution using some or all of

the available radar monitoring technologies (3D-RAR, 2D- SAR and 2D-RAR) together with non-radar monitoring technologies will provide the most comprehensive monitoring strategy

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Safety first Customer focus Innovative solutions Honesty and integrity People matter