2. Competition for Empire and Economic Expansion
2.1 Global Economy of the Eighteenth Century 2.2 Europe after Utrecht, 1713-1740 2.3 Demographic change in the 18 th Century
2.1 Global Economy of the Eighteenth Century
Mercantilism
Mercantilism • Limited Wealth • Trade is Zero-Sum • Governmental Involvement • Colonies: “Trade Benefits the Mother Country”
Mercantilism • Jean-Baptiste Colbert (France) • Dutch East India Company (1602) • British East India Company (1600)
Competition • New World • Caribbean • Southeast Asia
2.2 Europe after Utrecht, 1713-1740
Themes • State Building • Mercantilism • Professional Armies
After Utrecht • Louis XIV’s Wars • Peace of Utrecht (1713) • Rise of Frederick the Great – War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748)
The “First World War” • Diplomatic Revolution (1756) – France and Austria – Prussia and Britain • Seven Years War (1756-1763)
Treaty of Paris (1763) • Prussia Survives • British Global Empire • Fiscal Burdens – American Revolution – French Involvement
2.3 Demographic Change of the Eighteenth Century
Demographic Trends • Agricultural Revolution – Increased life expectancy – Shift from older to earlier marriages
Demographic Trends • Population boom after 1750 • Global Diet (Potato) • Medical improvements
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