1
M.B.T. Simple Process Flow Chart Mechanical sorting & pre-treatment Biological treatment 2
M.B.T. + Anaerobic Digestion + B Diagram – Hasse Plant
Principal Waste Management Options Waste Landfill Thermal Recycling Biological Anaerobic Incineration Gasification Pyrolysis Composting Digestion With Energy Without Recovery Energy Recovery 4
Waste Technology Reviews & Case Studies carried out by the Enertech Team since 2002 World Wide Anaerobic Digestion 98 � Autoclave Processes 10 � Biological Aerobic Processor 17 � Gasification Processes 64 � Pyrolysis Processes 18 � Plasma Gasification 14 � 5
The Future Energy Centre ELECTRICITY CHP MSW LIQUID FARM FOOD TO GRID WASTE WASTES PROCESS WASTES CH 4 HEAT WASTE REDUCTION AND SEPARATION Anaer obic BIOGAS Digest er GAS (Far m Wast e) CLEAN- UP PLANT Anaer obic BY Digest er PRODUCTS M.S.W. CO2 FOR TO FARMS INDUSTRIAL EXISTING PROCESS LANDFILL HEAT BY PRODUCTS DAY COVER 6
Bioenergy from AD in the UK Dorian Harrison, Technical Director (Monsal) Presented by, Gerald Tetchner of Enertech advanced digestion technology
������������ • Why AD gets such good press • Government support for AD • Market segments for AD • Types of AD Plant
�������������� ����������������� • Perceived as natural • Recycling of organic waste • Recycling of Nitrogen and Phosporous • ‘Carbon neutral’ • Flexible Technology (gas / elec / heat) • Easy to understand – ‘it’s a cow!’
�������������� ����������������� • 500 – 600 anaerobic digesters in UK now • Most towns have an AD plant (sewage) • Operational for >100years SORP
�������������� ���������������������� • Recycles organics away from landfill • Smaller more local plants • Renewable energy targets – electricity – gas – heat • Coalition agreement
�������������� ��������� • PAS110 – product • AD ‘Recycling’ • Fertiliser
��������� ���������������������� • Feed in Tariff • Renewable Obligation Certificates • Renewable Heat Incentive • Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation
������������������ ���� • AD 2X ROC (~ £90/MWh) • Sewage sludge only 0.5 x ROC • Sell Price ~ £30/MWh • 30,000tpa ~ £1.2M (revenue)
������������������ �������������� • Plants <500kW = 11.5p/kWh • Plants >500kW = 9p/kWh • Fast track revenue – <250kW = 14p/kWh – >250 – 500kW = 13p/kWh • 30,000tpa ~ £1.2M
������������������ ������������������������ • 6.5p/kW for Biomethane • 6.5p/kW (upto 200kW) • Open to all digestion including sewage • 30,000tpa ~ £1.4M Monsal EEH Avonmouth
���������� ��������������������������� Boiler or generator Anaerobic digester sludge Digested sludge and/or Waste Water/sludge Buffertank heat exchanger Recirculation
���������� ���������������� • All AD process follow this route • Multi stage process optimise • Various stages can be optimised or inhibited Monsal EEH Bromborough
���������� � ���������������������� • Agricultural (£1M - £3M / ~6 months) • 6K – 20K tpa • Simple • No Permit (Usually) • No Waste Licence • Merchant (£6M - £10M, 18 - 24 months) • 20K – 80K tpa • Remove Contamination Monsal - Waterbeach • Compete for Waste (Lowest Gate Fee Wins) • Requires IPPC Permit, ABPR, Planning • Municipal (£30M+, PFI ~ 2 – 5 years) • 70K – 300K tpa • Recycling Facility • Very Heavy Engineering • MRF + AD Plant • Permit + Animal Health + Planning + + +
���������� !������������"������������#$$%& • Wheat � Total Cereal – 14,379 – 21,197,000 (dry) tpa – 108% of UK requirement – 104% of UK requirement • Barley � Excess of 815,269 (dry) tpa – 6,769 – 112% of UK requirement Monsal Bioenergy – Car Farm
���������� '������'����� • Sewage – 30,000,000 (wet) tpa – 1,600,000 (dry) tpa – 60% already treated by AD Monsal - Crewe • Challenges – relatively low energy value – low dry solids concentration – 40% sewage sludge not digested
���������� �����(��)� • Food and Drink Industry – 1,800,000 (dry) tpa • Retail Outlets – 400,000 (dry) tpa • Other (Schools / Hospitals) – 1,000,000 (dry) tpa • Issues – diverse wastes (solid / liquid) – dispersed production sites – De-packaged is essential
���������� ����*��)��+ ������������� • Supermarkets / Retail • Manufacturing • Hospitality • Service Industry • Council collections
���������� ����*��)��+ ��,��������� Food Waste Waste pulping/screening Digester Feed De-packaging is essential to prepare the feedstock for effective digestion
���������� � �������!-������ (AN Digestion) (Monsal) (Biogen Greenfinch) (Kompogas)
������������������ ���������������������� Source Wet tpa Dry tpa Biogas Biogas yield Mtpa Mtpa m 3 /dryT m 3 /year 10 6 MSW 30 2.2 700 1,522 C&I 12.8 3.2 700 2,240 Slurries 4.0 1.0 500 500 Crops NA 0.8 600 480 Sewage 30 1.6 350 560 Total 76.8 8.0 5,302
������������ �������������� ���������. Source Biogas CH 4 CH 4 Energy 10 6 m 3 /year % 10 6 m 3 /year TW MSW 1,522 62 944 9.4 C&I 2,240 62 1,389 13.9 Slurries 500 62 310 3.1 Crops 480 55 264 2.6 Sewage 560 65 364 3.6 Total 4,822 3,006 32.6
������������ �������������� �������������������� . Source Biogas CH 4 CH 4 Energy 10 6 m 3 /year % 10 6 m 3 /year TWh MSW 1,522 62 944 9.4 C&I 2,240 62 1,389 13.9 Slurries 500 62 310 3.1 Crops 480 55 264 2.6 Sewage 560 65 364 3.6 Total 4,822 3,006 32.6
������������ �������������� ��������������� . Source CH 4 Potential Reality? 10 6 m 3 /year TWh TWh MSW 944 9.4 4.7 (50%) C&I 1,389 13.9 7.0 (50%) Slurries 310 3.1 0.3 (10%) Crops 264 2.6 2.1 (80%) Sewage 364 3.6 2.9 (80%) Total 3,006 32.6 17.0 (52%)
����������� � �������������������������� • ‘Wet’ – Digester feed <15%DS – CSTR Reactors – Food Waste – Sewage Sludge – Agricultural Waste Monsal Biowaste - Deerdykes
����������� � �������������������������� • ‘Dry’ – Digester feed >15%DS – Plug Flow Reactors – Garden Waste – Green / Food (mixed) Kompogas Dry Digester
����������� � �������������������������� • Thermophilic • Mesophilic – Range 52C to 65C – Range 25C to 42C – Normal 55C to 62C – Normal 35C to 40C – More Common for Dry – 99% of UK Digesters Digesters
��������� • AD has positive public perception • AD is uncontroversial in Government • Strong incentives to drive AD growth • Relatively simple technology • Large infrastructure investment required
Questions? Dorian Harrison Technical Director t: 01623 429500 e: dharrison@monsal.co.uk ��������� ��������� ���������
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