1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Hypotheses & Objectives 4. Experimental Setup 5. Results 6. Conclusions 2
Tri-State Mining District › Lead zinc mines › Abandoned in 1970 › Resulted in upwellings Mayer Ranch Passive Treatment System (MRPTS) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services 3
Mayer Ranch Passive Treatment System Surface ace Oxida idatio ion Flo Flow Pond ond Wetla land VFB FBR Flo Flow Reaerati tion on Surface ace Pond ond Limesto tone ne Flo Flow Be Bed Wetla land VFB FBR Reaerati tion on Pond ond Polis lishin ing Limesto tone ne Pond ond Bed Be 4
Trace amounts of Ni and Zn are detectable at the effluent › Toxins in high concentrations Natural algae consortium may play a role in metal uptake and release 5
Metal uptake by algae is possible › Adsorption is the main removal mechanism Environmental factors and other conditions influence sorption › Algae & metal › Algae concentration species › Contact time › Age of material › Presence of charged › pH functional groups › Growth rate Metal preferences by algae species 6
Algae with previous metals exposure › Less inhibited growth Release of metals during decomposition theorized › Very few studies quantify desorption 7
1. Algae from MRPTS will be able to uptake Ni and Zn 2. The concentration of sorbed metals will decrease during decomposition 3. Some Ni and Zn will stay sorbed to algae detritus despite decomposition 8
1. Algae from MRPTS will be able to uptake Ni and Zn 2. The concentration of sorbed metals will decrease during decomposition 3. Some Ni and Zn will stay sorbed to algae detritus despite decomposition 9
1. Algae from MRPTS will be able to uptake Ni and Zn 2. The concentration of sorbed metals will decrease during decomposition 3. Some Ni and Zn will stay sorbed to algae detritus despite decomposition 10
1. Determine initial concentrations of Ni and Zn in MRPTS algae and water 2. Measure the uptake of Ni and Zn by algae during the growth phase 3. Determine if conditions promoting algae death affect [Ni] or [Zn] 4. Measure Ni and Zn masses gained or released during decomposition 11
1. Determine initial concentrations of Ni and Zn in MRPTS algae and water 2. Measure the uptake of Ni and Zn by algae during the growth phase 3. Determine if conditions promoting algae death affect [Ni] or [Zn] 4. Measure Ni and Zn masses gained or released during decomposition 12
1. Determine initial concentrations of Ni and Zn in MRPTS algae and water 2. Measure the uptake of Ni and Zn by algae during the growth phase 3. Determine if conditions promoting algae death affect [Ni] or [Zn] 4. Measure Ni and Zn masses gained or released during decomposition 13
1. Determine initial concentrations of Ni and Zn in MRPTS algae and water 2. Measure the uptake of Ni and Zn by algae during the growth phase 3. Determine if conditions promoting algae death affect [Ni] or [Zn] 4. Measure Ni and Zn masses gained or released during decomposition 14
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Pennate Diatoms Oedegonium Spirogyra Mougeotia 17
Mea Measur ure N e Ni a i and nd Zn n in in init initial a alg lgae e and nd water er s sampl ples es Fiv ive e [N [Ni i and Z nd Zn] in t n] in trip riplicate › 0. 0.5, 5, 2. 2.0, 0, 5. 5.0, 0, 10. 10.0, 0, a and 20, 20, m mg/L Cell ell 6 6 water er a as bla blank s sample ples No alg lgae c e cont ntrol s sampl ple (1 e (10 mg/L L Ni a i and nd Zn s solut utio ion) n) Des Destructive s e sampl pling (i. (i.e., deple deplete e sampl ples es f for a r ana naly lysis) 18
Gro rowth Pha Phase (5 e (5 da days): ): › Provide photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) lights › 20°C 19
Chil hilled Pha d Phase (2 e (2 da days): › Promote death of algae Eliminate light 0°C 20
Dec Decomposition Pha Phase (2 e (21 da days): › Remain covered to prevent light › 20°C 21
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Nic ickel Ni St Std. d. D Dev ev. Zinc nc Zn St Std. d. D Dev ev. MRPT PTS Cell 6 ll 6 0.05 +/- 0.0006 0.01 +/- 0.0001 Water er ( (mg/L) L) MRPT PTS Cell 6 ll 6 210 +/- 11 1213 +/- 161 Algae gae ( (mg/ g/Kg) g) 23
Solution Algae 20.0 ent Solution (mg/L) 10.0 5.0 Los oss of of Gain of n of 2.0 Ni i or r Zn Ni i or r Zn 0.5 erimen Exper Cell 6 Water No Algae Control -10.0 0.0 10.0 Δ Mass M ss Meta tal (mg) 24
20°C w/ light cycles 25
Solution Algae 20.0 ent Solution (mg/L) 10.0 5.0 2.0 erimen 0.5 Loss Gain Ga in Exper Cell 6 Water No Algae Control -6.0 -5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 Δ Mass N Ni (mg (mg) 26
Solution Algae 20.0 ent Solution (mg/L) 10.0 5.0 2.0 erimen Loss Ga Gain in 0.5 Exper Cell 6 Water No Algae Control -15.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 Δ Mass Z Zn (mg (mg) 27
0°C w/o light 28
Solution Algae 20.0 ent Solution (mg/L) 10.0 5.0 2.0 erimen 0.5 Lo Loss Gain ain Exper Cell 6 Water No Algae Control -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 Δ Mass N Ni (mg (mg) 29
Solution Algae 20.0 ent Solution (mg/L) 10.0 5.0 2.0 erimen 0.5 Loss Lo Gain ain Exper Cell 6 Water No Algae Control -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 Δ Mass Z Zn (mg (mg) 30
20°C w/o light 31
Solution Algae 20.0 ent Solution (mg/L) 10.0 5.0 2.0 erimen Loss Lo Gain ain 0.5 Exper Cell 6 Water No Algae Control -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 Δ Mass N Ni (mg (mg) 32
Solution Algae 20.0 ent Solution (mg/L) 10.0 5.0 2.0 erimen 0.5 Lo Loss Gain ain Exper Cell 6 Water No Algae Control -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Δ Mass Z Zn (mg (mg) 33
*Includes previous phase/s 34
Solution Algae 20.0 ent Solution (mg/L) 10.0 5.0 2.0 erimen 0.5 Lo Loss Gain ain Exper Cell 6 Water No Algae Control -6.0 -5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 Δ Mass N Ni (mg (mg) 35
Solution Algae 20.0 ent Solution (mg/L) 10.0 5.0 2.0 erimen 0.5 Lo Loss Gain ain Exper Cell 6 Water No Algae Control -10.0 -7.5 -5.0 -2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 Δ Mass Z Zn (mg (mg) 36
Solution Algae 20.0 ent Solution (mg/L) 10.0 5.0 2.0 erimen 0.5 Lo Loss Gain ain Exper Cell 6 Water No Algae Control -10.0 -7.5 -5.0 -2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 Δ Mass N Ni (mg (mg) 37
Solution Algae 20.0 ent Solution (mg/L) 10.0 5.0 2.0 erimen 0.5 Lo Loss Gain ain Exper Cell 6 Water No Algae Control -12.0 -8.0 -4.0 0.0 4.0 8.0 Δ Mass Z Zn (mg (mg) 38
20 (mg/L) 10 (mg/L) 5 (mg/L) 2 (mg/L) 0.5 (mg/L) Cell 6 Water 8 7 6 5 Ni (mg) 4 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Day 39
20 (mg/L) 10 (mg/L) 5 (mg/L) 2 (mg/L) 0.5 (mg/L) Cell 6 Water 8 Initial 7 6 5 Ni (mg) 4 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Day 40
20 (mg/L) 10 (mg/L) 5 (mg/L) 2 (mg/L) 0.5 (mg/L) Cell 6 Water 8 Initial Growth 7 6 5 Ni (mg) 4 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Day 41
20 (mg/L) 10 (mg/L) 5 (mg/L) 2 (mg/L) 0.5 (mg/L) Cell 6 Water 8 Chilled Initial Growth 7 6 5 Ni (mg) 4 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Day 42
20 (mg/L) 10 (mg/L) 5 (mg/L) 2 (mg/L) 0.5 (mg/L) Cell 6 Water 8 Chilled Initial Growth Decomposition 7 6 5 Ni (mg) 4 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Day 43
20 (mg/L) 10 (mg/L) 5 (mg/L) 2 (mg/L) 0.5 (mg/L) Cell 6 Water 12 10 8 Zn (mg) 6 4 2 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Day 44
20 (mg/L) 10 (mg/L) 5 (mg/L) 2 (mg/L) 0.5 (mg/L) Cell 6 Water 12 Initial 10 8 Zn (mg) 6 4 2 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Day 45
20 (mg/L) 10 (mg/L) 5 (mg/L) 2 (mg/L) 0.5 (mg/L) Cell 6 Water 12 Initial 10 Growth 8 Zn (mg) 6 4 2 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Day 46
20 (mg/L) 10 (mg/L) 5 (mg/L) 2 (mg/L) 0.5 (mg/L) Cell 6 Water 12 Chilled Initial 10 Growth 8 Zn (mg) 6 4 2 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Day 47
20 (mg/L) 10 (mg/L) 5 (mg/L) 2 (mg/L) 0.5 (mg/L) Cell 6 Water 12 Chilled Initial 10 Growth Decomposition 8 Zn (mg) 6 4 2 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Day 48
Sorp rption o occur urred duri d during ng g gro rowth a and nd decomposit itio ion n Desorpt rptio ion b n back i into s solut utio ion n occurre urred d duri during ng c chil hilled ed pha phase Ov Overa erall › Sorpti tion on a and rete tenti tion on of of Ni Ni & & Zn by y algae Grea reater er sorp rption n wit ith g grea reater [N [Ni] a and nd [Z [Zn] n] 49
1. Algae from MRPTS will be able to uptake Ni and Zn 50
1. Algae from MRPTS will be able to uptake Ni and Zn Confi firm rmed ed 51
1. Algae from MRPTS will be able to uptake Ni and Zn Confi firm rmed ed 2. The concentration of sorbed metals will decrease during decomposition 52
1. Algae from MRPTS will be able to uptake Ni and Zn Confi firm rmed ed 2. The concentration of sorbed metals will decrease during decomposition Rejecte ted 53
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