1. Farming Farming is the growing of crops and the rearing of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1. FARMING. • 1.1. Physical factors: climate, relief, soil. • 1.2. Social and economic factors: labour, market, government. 2. CLASSIFICATION. • Arable, pastoral, mixed. • Intensive, extensive. • Commercial, subsistence. • Nomadic, sedentary. 3. DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY IN THE WORLD. • 3.1. Shifting cultivation. • 3.2. Wet rice farming. • 3.3. Intensive commercial farming: market gardening. • 3.4. Extensive commercial farming. • 3.5. Plantation agriculture. . 4. THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ITS CAP.

1. Farming Farming is the growing of crops and the rearing of animals

1.1.Physical factors: climate • Temperature: crops need a minimum of 6°C to grow. (Look over climates in the world) • Rainfall: crops need between 250 mm and 500 mm a year.

Climatic regions in the world

Physical factors: relief • Flat land is easier to grow crops on, there is less soil erosion and machinery can be used safely. • Some places are too high to grow crops because they are too cold. Temperature decreases 6°C each 1000 m. • Only south facing slopes are warmer because they face the sun

Physical factors: soil • Soil needs to be fertile, deep and well drained.

1.2. Social and economic factors: labour Farming requires either - Human labour (low yields) or - Mechanisation (high yields)

Social and economic factors: market • Farmers grow crops that are in demand and change to meet new demands. • Markets are now global.

Social and economic factors: governments • Quotas are limits on the amount of some produce set by the governments. • Subsidies are money paid by the government to encourage some types of produce.

2. Classification of agriculture Pastoral Arable Mixed

Classification of agriculture • Intensive: high yields • Extensive: low yields from from a small area of land. a large area of land. It needs high input of money, labour or technology.

Classification of agriculture • Pastoral farming can also be intensive or extensive

Classification of agriculture • Commercial: farming • Subsistence: it to make profit from produces food for the sales of food. farmer’s family

Classification of agriculture • Nomadic: moving from place to place • Sedentary: farming in a fixed location

3.Agricultural activity in the world: shifting cultivation • It occurs in equatorial forests in South-East Asia, Central and South America and Africa • It is extensive: when soil loses its fertility the land is abandoned.

3.1. Shifting cultivation • They use manual labour and simple tools. • The farmers grow crops from themselves and their families (subsistence). • The main crops are rice, maize, tapioca, sweet potatoes, bananas and vegetables .

Agricultural activity in the world: wet rice farming

3.2.Wet rice farming • It occurs in many Asian countries (tropical and monsoon climate) • It requires 1000 mm to 2500 mm of rainfall a year and an average temperature of 20°C. • It is intensive: irrigation allows 2 or 3 crops per year in very small farms. • The level of technology varies (low in India or China, high in Japan or Taiwan). Planting and transplanting are usually done by hand.

3.3. Intensive commercial farming: market gardening • It produces the vegetables, fruit and flowers that are found in supermarkets. • It uses limited land and it is often near urban markets. • Although they are perishable products, refrigeration and faster transport allow more distant markets to be served.

3.3.Market gardening • Market gardens have high inputs, especially labour, and high yields (intensive). • A wide range of technology is available, from hand hoes to computer-controlled robots. • Farmers usually specialise in a few crops, e.g. salads or flowers. • Some vegetables are grown into greenhouses or using hydroponics (plants grow without soil)

3.4. Extensive commercial farming • It occurs in “new countries”, e.g. US, Australia or Argentina, especially in continental climate. • Farms are large and highly mechanised.

3.3. Extensive commercial farming • It can be arable, e.g. crops of wheat, maize, barley... • It can be also pastoral, e.g. cows and sheep • Farms are very big, more than 200 Ha.

3.5. Plantation agriculture • It takes place in large farms or estates (40 to 1000 Ha) existing in South East Asia and the Caribbean. • Crops are grown for export • It needs a lot of money for building, planting and making processing factories.

3.5. Plantation agriculture • They employ many workers and use high levels of technology. • They produce coffee, cocoa, sugar or trees like tea, rubber and oil palm.

4. The European Union and its Common Agricultural Police (CAP ) The CAP tries:  to protect the income of farmers.  to ensure reasonable prices for consumers.  to increase the production.  to protect the quality of life in rural areas. The CAP consists of.  grants.  subsidies.  guaranteed prices.

4. The European Union and its Common Agricultural Police (CAP ) The main problems are:  it has created mountains of food and lakes of wine, more expensive than in the USA. It was necessary to create quotas (e.g. milk).  environmental damages (soil erosion, excesive use of fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides to increase production). Recently the EU has been paying farmers to take part of their land out of production.