1.(Context( 2 1.(Context( 1.1.(City,(energy,(climate( ! - PDF document

L aboratoire((( L aboratoire(de(( M atériaux(et( R echerche(en(( D urabilité(des( A rchitecture( C onstruc3on( 1.#Context# GENIUS,(a(tool(to(generate(mul34scalar(databases(for(urban(energy(studies( # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# # (IFU,(4 th (of(July(2014( Biao(WANG(4(Marion(BONHOMME ( 1.(Context( 2

1.(Context( 1.1.(City,(energy,(climate( ! Ci3es(are(the(word’s(largest(energy(consumers( 1.#Context# (transporta3on,(buildings,(industries,(etc.).( # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # ! Buildings((housing(and(ac3vity)( 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# =( 44( %(of(French(energy(consump3ons( # [France,(2011,(Commissariat(Général(du(Développement(Durable,(2012]( ( ! Urban(popula3on(growth((( =( 75( %(to( 84( %(( between(2007and(2030(in(developed(countries( [United(Na3on(forecast,(2006]( ( 3( 1.(Context( 1.1.(City,(energy,(climate( Urban(density( Consumed( 1.#Context# # and(morphology( energy(in(the(city( 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # 3.#Results#and## Many(research(programs(have(assess(sustainable(neighborhoods( Conclusions# and(most(agreed(on(the(need(for(urban(density:(a(compact(urban( # form(is(more(efficient(in(terms(of(hea3ng(and(transporta3on( consump3on:( ( ! Adolphe,(2001,(2003( Chen,(Jia,(&(Lau,(2008( ! Hui,(2001(( ! ! Newman(&(Kenworthy,(1989)( !( Rad,(Baker,(&(Steemers,(2005( ! ! Rogers,(2000( Steemers,(Baker,(Crowther,(Nikolopoulou,(&(Clocquet,(1996(( ! Thomas(&(Cousins,(1996( ! 4( ! Traisnel,(2001(…(

1.(Context( 1.2.(Urban(energy(and(density( The(urban(energy(paradox( 1.#Context# Advantages(of(a(dense(and( Advantages(of(a(sprawled(and(non4 # compact(city( compact(city( 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# ?( # 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# # Higher(renewable(energy( Lower(building(energy(demand( poten3al( Lower(transporta3on(energy( Less(heat(island(effect( demand( 5( 1.(Context( 1.3.(Limits(of(current(research( The(need(for(mul3disciplinary( The(study(of(urban(energy(must(be(mul3disciplinary.( ( 1.#Context# ( # Limita3ons(of(exis3ng(studies(related(to(databases:(( 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# ! Spa3al(scales(are(very(different( # 3.#Results#and## ! The(necessary(data(are(highly(variable(( Conclusions# # ! Lille(connec3on(between(these(scales(( ! Very(different(3me(scales( City# Neighbourhood### Urban#block# Building# Room# # 6(

1.(Context( 1.4.(Objec3ves( ! Development(of(a(tool(to(create(mul3disciplinary,( 1.#Context# mul3scalar(and(evolu3ve(databases,(( # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # ( 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# ( # ( GENerator(of(Interac3ve(Urban(bockS( ( ( ! Recommenda3ons(to(policy(makers(and(urban(planners( based(on(mul3disciplinary(research(projects( 7( ( 2.(Development(of(GENIUS( 1.#Context# # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# #

2.(Development(of(GENIUS( 2.1.(Objec3ves( 1.#Context# # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# Building Neighbourhood # - Usage - Type - Materiality - Built-up density - Equipment - Height of buildings - Age … - vegetation … City Geolocated(data( Evolu3ons(via(an(exis3ng( Architectural(evolu3ons(via(GENIUS( urban(prospec3ve(model( 9( 2.(Development(of(GENIUS( 2.2.(Synchronic(GENIUS( General(principle( First#step#:# Genera3on(of(an(archetypal(map( 1.#Context# ( # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# # Urban(database( Each(cell(is(characterized(by(:( available(at(na3onal( 4 51(morphological(parameters( 4 A(type(of(neighbourhood( scale( determined(by(a(sta3s3cal( analysis((PCA)( 10(

2.(Development(of(GENIUS( 2.2.(Synchronic(GENIUS( Results(for(Paris( 1.#Context# # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# # 10(km( Types(of(neighbourhood:( Con3nuous(pavilion( Discon3nuous(pavilion( Con3nuous(block( Discon3nuous(block( High4rise(tower( Ancient(center( 11( 2,5 km Industrial(building( 2.(Development(of(GENIUS( 2.3.(Diachronic(GENIUS( General(principal( Mechanisms(driving(urban(expansion:( 1.#Context# ( # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# ! Economy( # Mechanisms( 3.#Results#and## included(in(dynamic( ! Demography(and(life(styles( Conclusions# urban(expansion( # ! Urban(policies( models( ! Urban(typology( Mechanisms(that(are(not( included(in(any(exis3ng( model( 12(

2.(Development(of(GENIUS( 2.3.(Diachronic(GENIUS( Coupling(with(an(exis3ng(urban(urban(expansion(model( 1.#Context# # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# # SLEDUM(model( ( Example(of(the(possible(expansion(of(the(city(of( Toulouse(between(2010((grey)(et(2100((black)(( 13( 2.(Development(of(GENIUS( 2.3.(Diachronic(GENIUS( Rules(for(the(typological(evolu3on( The(city(keeps(track(of(its(history.(Thus,(it(is(very(likely(that(the(future( 1.#Context# shape(of(a(neighbourhood(depends(on(its(past(form.(( # ( 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# Rules(from(the(observa3on(of(past(trends:(( # ! If(the(built4up(density(does(not(exceed(a(certain(level:(neighbourhood( 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# type(remains(the(same(( # ! Beyond,(and(if(the(neighbourhood(is(over(50(years(old,(the(type(of( neighbourhood(change:(it(is(destroyed(to(be(rebuild(denser( 14(

2.(Development(of(GENIUS( 2.3.(Diachronic(GENIUS( Rules(for(the(technical(evolu3on( Measures(against( 2012(thermal(regula3on(((( heat(island(effect( Present( 1.#Context# # 2000(thermal( 2.#Development## Generalisa3on(of( Generalisa3on(of( regula3on(( 1974(thermal( of#GENIUS# exterior(insula3on( vacuum(insula3on( # regula3on(( 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# # 1901(( 1918(( 1945(( 1975(( 2000(( 2012(( 2030(( 2050( 2070( 2090(( Temps( <(1900( 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( (1917( (1944( (1974( (1999( (2011( (2029( 2049( (2069( 2089( (2100( Alloca3on(of(technical(characteris3cs(in(terms(of:( ! the(construc3on(period,(( ! the(type(of(neighbourhood,(( ! usage.( 2.(Development(of(GENIUS( 2.3.(Diachronic(GENIUS( Valida3on( Valida3on(on(past(evolu3ons(between(1962(and(2008(:( 1.#Context# # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # 3.#Results#and## 93(%( of(the(neighborhoods( Conclusions# # build(by(GENIUS(between(1962( and(2008(correspond(to(the( actual(Paris( Correctly(build(area( N( Wrongly(build(area(( 10(km( 16(

3.(Results(and(conclusions( 1.#Context# # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# # 17( 3.(Results(and(conclusions( 3.1.(Example(of(results( Con3nuous(pavilion( Discon3nuous(pavilion( Con3nuous(block( Discon3nuous(block( High4rise(tower( Maps(obtained(under(3(different(scenarios(for(the(city(of(Toulouse( Ancient(center( in(2100(:(( 1.#Context# Industrial(building( # Dynamic(city:(( Green(City:( Passive(city:(( 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# ! Expansion(controlled(by(a( ! Mul3polar(urban( ! No(control(of(urban( # green(belt(urban( expansion(( expansion(( 3.#Results#and## Ver3cal(architecture( Favored(compact(design(( No(control(of( ! ! ! Conclusions# favored( # intensive(green( architectural(form( 3# 4# 6# 18(

3.(Results(and(conclusions( Urban(heat( (island((°C)( 1.#Context# # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # 3# Today’s(city( Dynamic(city( 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# # Green(city( Passive(city( 4# 6# 19( 3.(Results(and(conclusions( 3.1.(Example(of(results( Hea3ng(and(cooling(consump3ons( 1.#Context# # 2.#Development## of#GENIUS# # 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# 3# Today’s(city( Dynamic(city( # 4# 6# Green(city( Passive(city( 20( (Consump3ons(in(kWh/m 2 /year)(

3.(Results(and(conclusions( 3.2.(Conclusions( ! A(methodology.(( 1.#Context# ! A(func3onal(tool.(( # 2.#Development## ! First(scien3fic(results.(( of#GENIUS# # ! Many(opportuni3es(for(applica3on(and(improvement!( 3.#Results#and## Conclusions# # GENerator(of(Interac3ve(Urban(bockS( ( 21(