Investigating the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture as the next generation GÉANT and NREN network architecture Sander Vrijders, Dimitri Staessens, Didier Colle Ghent University - iMinds GN3plus JRA1 and TERENA 3rd Network Architects Workshop 1
Challenges faced by network engineers Explosion in the complexity of the overall system (hundreds of protocols and thousands of standards documents) Weak security Scalability issues with the routing system (IPv6/BGP multihoming) Mobile end-users No QoS support High OPEX 2 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
The Internet is a live environment Ever growing customer base Ever growing number of devices New and more demanding services RAD of services Fast deployment “whac-a-mole” approach to solving problems 3 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
A brief introduction to the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture RINA 4 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Application Process Application Specific Tasks Components Renderi Game Application specific tasks ng engine Mgt. Tasks Management tasks Task Memory schedul RIB IPC mgt ing Mechanism Static, invariant parts Policy Dynamic, variant parts Occurs in pairs Sender Receiver 5 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Distributed Application X X X Y X Y X X Processing system: hardware and software capable of executing programs as Application Processes that can coordinate via shared memory (“test and set”) Computing system: a collection of processing systems under the same management domain with no restrictions on connectivity 6 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Application Process Application Specific Tasks Components Renderi Game Application specific tasks ng engine Management tasks Mgt. Tasks Task Memory schedul RIB IPC mgt IPC Management tasks ing IPC Mgt. Tasks DIF Allocator: Finds remote application processes IPC Resource Multiplexing IRM: manages DA Manager requests Multiplexing: SDUs from SDU different tasks DIF Allocator Protection SDU protection: Integrity and security 7 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Distributed Applications host Edge router Internal AS router Edge router host Common Distributed Application Protocol X Y 8 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Common Distributed Application Protocol (CDAP) Perform operations on RIB objects Create/Delete Read/Write Start/Stop But what about different applications? The objects they manipulate Control and sequencing of operations … 10 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Distributed Applications Provide IPC services host Edge router Internal AS router Edge router host X Y F3 F1 F2 F4 C2 C1 D2 D1 D3 E1 E2 A1 A2 B1 B2 11 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Effectively extending the IPC model 12 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
IPC API APs communicate using a port, identified by a portId 6 operations: int _registerApp(appName, List<difName>) portId _allocateFlow(destAppName, List<QoSParams>) int _write(portId, sdu) sdu _read(portId) int _deallocate(portId) int _unregisterApp(appName, List<difName>) QoSParams are defined in a technology-agnostic way Bandwidth-related, delay, jitter, in-order-delivery, loss rates, … 13 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
The IPC process Application Specific • Authentication of all processes Tasks Appl. Other Mgt. Tasks Process • RIB Daemon manages state objects IPC Mgt. Tasks IPC Multipl Resource exing Mgt. • EFCP protocol performs SDU transport IPC Process SDU DIF Protec Allocator tion IPC API Data Transfer Data Transfer Control Layer Management Transmission SDU Delimiting Transmission CACEP Transmission Enrollment State Vector Control State Vector Control State Vector Control RIB Data Transfer Daemon Flow Allocation Authentication Data Transfer Retransmission Data Transfer Retransmission Retransmission Control Control Control Resource Relaying and Allocation CDAP RIB Multiplexing Flow Control Parser/Generator Flow Control Forwarding Table Flow Control Generator SDU Protection 14 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Error and Flow Control Protocol DTP Fragmentation Reassembly Sequencing Concatenation Separation DTCP Retransmission control Flow control Transmission control Loosely coupled by a state vector Based on Delta-t 15 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Delta-t (Watson, 1981) Developed at L.Livermore labs, unique approach. Assumes all connections exist all the time. keep caches of state on ones with recent activity Watson proves that the conditions for distributed synchronization are met if and only if 3 timers are bounded: Maximum Packet Lifetime: MPL Maximum number of Retries: R Maximum time before Ack: A That no explicit state synchronization, i.e. hard state, is necessary. SYNs, FINs are unnecessary 1981:Watson shows that TCP has all three timers and more. 16 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
RMT 17 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Shims Wrap a technology with the IPC API Physical medium Legacy technology – Ethernet – IP Hypervisors Not required to add functionality So it’s an “incomplete” DIF 18 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Basic concept of RINA Everyday practice Applications UDP (L4) RINA IP (L3) Theory VXLAN(L2) Applications Applications UDP (L4) DIF TCP/UDP (L4) IP (L3) DIF IP (L3) IP (L3) DIF Ethernet (L2) IEEE 802.3 (L2) DIF Physical Media (L1) MPLS (L2.5) Physical Media IEEE 802.1Q (L2) IEEE 802.1ah (L2) 10GBASE-ER (L1) 19 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Bootstrapping a RINA network host Edge router Internal AS router Edge router host X Y F3 F1 F2 F4 C2 C1 D2 D1 D3 E1 E2 A1 A2 B1 B2 20 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Architectural Model Application Specific System (Host) System Tasks System (Host) Appl. Mgmt (Router) Appl. Process Other Mgt. Tasks Agemt Process IPC Mgt. Tasks DIF IPC IPC IPC IPC Multipl Resource Process Process Process exing Mgmt Mgt. Agemt Mgmt Agemt SDU DIF Shim DIF Shim DIF Protec Allocator Shim IPC Shim IPC Shim IPC Shim IPC over Ethernet over TCP/UDP tion Process Process Process Process IPC API Data Transfer Data Transfer Control Layer Management Transmission SDU Delimiting Transmission CACEP Transmission Enrollment State Vector Control State Vector Control State Vector Control RIB Data Transfer Daemon Flow Allocation Authentication Data Transfer Retransmission Data Transfer Retransmission Retransmission Control Control Control Resource Relaying and Allocation CDAP RIB Multiplexing Flow Control Parser/Generator Flow Control Forwarding Table Flow Control Generator SDU Protection Increasing timescale (functions performed less often) and complexity 21 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
IRATI PROTOTYPE 22 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
IRATI OS/Linux implementation Source: S. Vrijders, F. Salvestrini, E.Grasa, M. Tarzan, L. Bergesio, D. Staessens, D. Colle “ Prototyping [RINA], the IRATI project approach”, IEEE Network, March 2014 24 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Prototype performances 25 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
GEANT3+ IRINA 27 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
IRINA - Intro I nvestigating RI NA as the next generation GEANT and N REN network a rchitecture (IRINA) GEANT3+ project Started Oct 2013 , ends March 2015 (18 months) 4 Partners: [ Research ] iMinds VZW(Belgium) [ Research ] Fundació Privada i2CAT (Spain) [ Research ] Waterford Institute of Technology – Telecommunications Software & Systems Group (Ireland) [ SME ] Nextworks s.r.l. (Italy) 28 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
IRINA – Overview/Objectives 29 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Internal NREN network design Multi DIFs (e.g. Public Internet DIF, application-specific DIF, etc) IPC IPC IPC GEANT IPC Client Top-Level DIF Process Process Process Process DIF DIF IPC IPC IPC IPC IPC P2P DIF P2P DIF Aggregation DIF P2P DIF Process Process Process Process Process P2P DIF P2P DIF P2P DIF Backbone Client GEANT NREN Border NREN Interior DIF NREN Border IPC IPC IPC Process Border Border Router Router Process Process Router Router Router P2P DIF P2P DIF NREN Interior NREN Border NREN Border Router Router Router DIF 2 DIF 1 DIF 3 Client DIF GEANT DIF Top Level DIFs DIF 6 DIF 4 DIF 5 DIF 2 DIF 3 DIF 1 DIF 4 Aggregation DIFs Backbone DIF 30 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate 30
Lab trials of RINA rina-echo-time application of IRATI basic ping functionality rudimentary bandwidth testing capabilities Traffic generation tool is needed Netperf Distributed Internet Traffic Generator Ostinato 31 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Traffic modelling IEEE 802.16 Interrupted Poisson Processes (IPP) Interrupted Renewal Processes (IRP) Interrupted Discrete Processes (IDP) 4IPP IDP, 2IDP, 4IDP 2IRP 32 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
IRATI DEMO 33 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
Demo setup Host A Host B Application Application Process Process Normal DIF A IPC IPC Process Process Shim DIF Shim IPC Shim IPC Process Process 34 Connect | Communicate | Collaborate
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