1 Bud or node: Out of this either a leaf or a fruit-bearing shoot - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 Bud or node: Out of this either a leaf or a fruit-bearing shoot will 1 Bud or node: Out of this either a leaf or a fruit-bearing shoot will develop. 8 develop. 2 Inflorescence: The flowers of the grapevine. The cluster is a specialized shoot that will later bear the berries. The flowers of the grapevine are perfect or hermaphroditic; that is, they contain both 9 male and female parts: functional stamens and an ovary within a 7 pistil. 3 Fruit set: The first stage in the development of the berries after flowering. 4 Green grapes: Still full of chlorophyll, these tiny balls are an in- 2 4 between stage in the development of the fruit. 5 Véraison or coloring: This is the transition from green to color in 1 the fruit. It usually takes place in July, after a certain level of sugar 6 3 has accumulated within the fruit; véraison is the onset of ripening. 6 Ripe grapes: The final stage in the ripening process of the fruit. 7 Water shoots or lateral shoots: These unwanted shoots develop on the wood of the vine and will occasionally bear small fruit. Such grapes remain puny and may not be harvested. As a rule, water shoots 12 are pruned out during the summer. 5 8 Tendrils: These are the climbing organs of the grapevine. Tendrils coil around and grasp anything they touch. After the harvest, they 11 become woody and harden. 9 Leaf: The breathing organ of the grapevine, which also serves to 10 nourish it. Its shape, the size of the lobes, and the dentations change with each cultivar. 13 10 Trunk or vine: Also called old wood, is the vine’s major stem. It is balanced by the root system. 11 Arm: Also called two-year-old wood, this is where the fruit- 14 bearing shoots develop. 12 Shoot: Also called one-year-old wood, the shoot carries the nodes from which the leaves and clusters of grapes will grow. When shoots harden, they are called canes. 13 Shallow roots: This root system, close to the soil surface, catches surface precipitation. It is destroyed when the vineyard is plowed, but it quickly grows back. 15 14 Subterranean roots: These anchor the vine securely in the soil. 15 Principal roots: The vine uses these long roots to obtain water and nutrients. They store large amounts of carbohydrates before the plant’s winter rest.

8 9 7 1. Bud or node: Out of this 2 4 either a leaf or a fruit-bearing shoot will develop. 1 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 2. Inflorescence: The flowers of the grapevine. The cluster is a specialized 2 4 shoot that will later bear the berries. 1 6 3 The flowers of the grapevine are perfect or hermaphroditic; that is, they contain both male and female 12 5 parts: functional stamens and an 11 ovary within a pistil. 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 3. Fruit set: The first stage in the 2 4 development of the berries after flowering. 1 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 4. Green grapes: Still full of 2 4 chlorophyll, these tiny berries 1 6 are an in-between stage in the 3 development of the fruit. 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 5. Véraison or onset of ripening: This is when a change of color and 2 4 softening of the fruit begins. 1 6 3 It usually takes place in July or August, as sugars accumulated and acids decline 12 5 within the fruit. 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 6. Ripe grapes: The final stage in 2 the ripening process of the fruit. 4 1 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 7. Blind shoots or lateral shoots: 2 4 These unwanted shoots develop 1 on the wood of the vine and can 6 3 occasionally bear small clusters. As a rule, these shoots are pruned 12 out during the growing season . 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 2 8. Tendrils: These are the climbing 4 organs of the grapevine. Tendrils 1 6 3 coil around and grasp anything they touch. After the harvest, they become woody and harden . 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 2 4 9. Leaf: The photosynthetic organ 1 6 of the grapevine. Its shape, the 3 size of the lobes, and dentations differ with each cultivar. 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 2 4 10. Trunk: Is the vine’s major stem. It is balanced by the root 1 6 3 system. 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 2 4 11. Arm or cordon: Also called two-year-old wood, 1 6 3 this is where the fruit-bearing shoots develop. 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 2 12. Shoot: Also called 4 one-year-old wood, the shoot 1 6 3 carries the nodes from which the leaves and clusters of grapes will grow. When shoots 12 5 harden, they are called canes. 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 2 4 13. Shallow roots: This root 1 system, close to the soil surface, 6 3 catches surface precipitation. It maybe destroyed or damaged by vineyard cultivation practices, 12 5 but quickly grows back. 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 2 4 14. Subterranean roots: 1 These anchor the vine 6 3 securely in the soil. 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 7 2 4 15. Principal roots: The vine 1 6 uses these long roots to 3 obtain water and nutrients. They store large amounts of carbohydrates before the 12 5 plant’s winter rest. 11 10 13 14 15

8 Balanced pruning: Pruning a vine based on its growth in terms of the amount of one year-old wood that it produced the previous growing season. A method 9 of determining the fruiting capacity of a vine for the upcoming season by 7 weighing the wood removed at pruning time. 2 4 1 Structure of a grape vine 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 Basal bud: A small bud lying at the base of a cane or spur, as part 9 7 of a whorl of buds laid down when a shoot arises from older wood. 2 4 1 Structure of a grape vine 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 Cane: Woody, mature stage reached by the shoot after leaf fall. 9 7 2 4 1 Structure of a grape vine 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 Cordon: An extension(s) of the grapevine trunk, usually horizontally oriented and trained along the trellis wires. Cordons are considered 9 7 permanent (or perennial) wood and carry fruiting spurs that are renewed annually. 2 4 1 Structure of a grape vine 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 Internode: The portion of a cane or shoot between two nodes. 7 2 4 1 Structure of a grape vine 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 Latent bud: A dormant bud, usually hidden or buried in the wood, which is over one year old and which may remain dormant indefinitely 9 7 unless the vine suffers a major injury that makes it necessary to produce new shoots. 2 4 1 Structure of a grape vine 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 Node: A thickened portion of a shoot or cane where 7 the leaf and its compound bud is attached. 2 4 1 Structure of a grape vine 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 Spur: A cane pruned to four or fewer nodes, 9 either on a cordon or on a head-trained vine . 7 2 4 1 Structure of a grape vine 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 Sucker: A shoot arising from a bud or root below ground level. 7 2 4 1 Structure of a grape vine 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15

8 9 Trunk: The main upright structure of a vine from 7 which cordons, shoots, and canes can arise. 2 4 1 Structure of a grape vine 6 3 12 5 11 10 13 14 15