Workshop Referencing, NOT Plagiarism 1 Dr Ali Rashidi - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

In the name of God Workshop Referencing, NOT Plagiarism 1 Dr Ali Rashidi

• Referencing is a way of acknowledging the sources that you WHAT is referencing ? have referred to in your work • It allows the reader to see where you are basing the arguments and conclusions you’ve come to in your WHY do I need to work. reference ? • It gives a sense of the broader academic context in which your work sits • Enables you as an author to do a number of things • Being able to read a reference can HOW do I read a help you find more sources for your reference ? research. WHAT do I need to • You need to reference any work or reference ? ideas that are no your own.

Inform your readers of the sources you have used so they can follow up your references to find the original T o Inform sources of information Demonstrate that you have read widely – evidence the depth and breadth of your reading. T o Demonstrate Reading around your subject allows you to interact with ideas and concept and demonstrates your depth of interest and understanding in your subject Separate your ideas from the ideas of others You will often be marked on your ability to assess, contrast, critically analyse and evaluate different arguments. T o Separate Accurate referencing will help make it clear which parts of your writing are based on the work of others and which are your own analysis and evaluation

Reinforce your own arguments. Illustrate that you are basing your own arguments on established evidence from high – quality sources. T o Reinforce Provide credibility to your own ideas Acknowledge contribution from others. Provide context for your writing in the work being done by T o Acknowledge others. Avoid Plagiarism 4

When and What to Reference Write down as many things you can think of that require referencing • Statistics • Quotations • Facts • Examples from other people’s work • Diagrams • Images and photographs • Models • Equations • Theories/ideas/concepts

True or False • Information on the internet is 'free'. Anyone can use it without having to reference it. • As long as I use speech marks, I don't have to say where the quotation is from. • I can copy pictures/diagrams/photos without referencing them. • If I summarise other people's ideas, I still need to reference them. • If I paraphrase or rewrite the information, I don't need to reference it. • Some info is 'common knowledge', it doesn't need to be referenced. • Being caught plagiarising can result in the failure of a degree course. • Statistics need to be referenced. • If I cite someone once, I can use their ideas later without needing to cite them again. • Plagiarism is copying published work; I can copy my mate's work because it's not been published.

How to Reference This is when you are using someone else’s idea, image, diagram, without using their Cite the original text exact text When you write word-for-word something Directly Quote from from someone else’s writing. These should be the original text kept short. When you have a large article and want to Paraphrase the summarise the ideas into a few sentences or idea or concept provide an overview of the idea/concept All of these three methods require you to reference your source of information

Choose your method You have over two pages of an article that you want to use as evidence for your essay. It is possible to quote parts of it, but this might not give the full picture. How should you do this? Paraphrase the Directly Quote from idea or concept the original text Cite the original text None of These

Choose your method You have made a point in your essay and need to illustrate it with some evidence from a primary source. You have a sentence that is perfect. How can you include this in your essay Paraphrase the Directly quote from idea or concept the original text Cite the original text None of These

Choose your method Your teacher mentioned a widely agreed concept in a lecture, you have looked it up in a few books but they do not seem to reference back to any particular author. You are worried you will not be able to find a citation for this. What do you do? Paraphrase the Directly Quote from idea or concept the original text Cite the original text None of These

How to Reference Be consistent and precise!

In-Text References  These appear in the main body of the text to indicate the source of your information  Use in-text references whenever you mention facts written by someone else, or when you include someone else’s ideas  Write the surname of the author and the date of publication, in brackets e.g. (Greaves, 2004)  Use letters after the date to distinguish between books by the same author published in the same year (Greaves, 2004a) 12

End list references Harvard style- books MEGGS, P.B. (ed.) (1998) A history of Graphic Design , 3 rd ed., Chichester: John Wiley In-text – (Meggs, 1998) 13

End List References / Bibliography  The end list is a list of sources that you have either quoted directly or used arguments from, listed in alphabetical order by author (or editor) surname  Be consistent with formats – capitals & italics should be used in the same way throughout  You should also include a bibliography of items consulted but not cited in your work 14

5 Steps to Import Citations into your research paper 1. Install EndNote on your PC/Laptop 2. Create an EndNote Library 3. Collect References and Import into EndNote 4. Insert (Cite) the References in Microsoft Word 5. Change Reference (Citation) Style 15

Objective To Learn to use EndNote software to manage references and easily insert / format citations, create bibliographies in your publication 16

What is A software that: • stores and organizes references found from many sources • inserts these citations into a Word document, and • automatically format your references according to a predefined citation style 17

Flow Process in EndNote Search and save References (eg. PubMed, Web of Science) Import Export Microsoft Word “ Cite While You Write ” JAMA / Vancouver Other citation styles citation style 18

Step 2 : Create an EndNote Library a) Open EndNote. b) Click on File  New... to create a new EndNote Library. c) Enter a filename. d) Click Save . 19

Step 3 : Collect References/Citations a) Method 1: Search in databases and export citations (PubMed) b)Method 2: Search PubMed directly in EndNote c) Method 3 : Manually enter a Reference 20

Step 3 : Collect References/Citations Method 1 Search in databases and export citations a)Perform search in PubMed b)Mark references to be saved c)From the Display drop-down menu, select MEDLINE . d)From the Send to drop-down menu, select File . e)Save the file as a .txt file 21

Method 1 Con’d : Import into EndNote a) Open an EndNote library previously created. b) To import references, click on . A dialogue box “Import” appears: i. Import data file: Browse for the saved file from PubMed ii. Import option : Click Other filters. Look for the database name PubMed (NLM) . Click Choose . c) Click Import . The references will appear in your active EndNote Library. 22

Step 3 : Collect References/Citations Method 2: Search PubMed directly in EndNote • Valid only for Freely Available Databases • This Method good for Known Citations a) In an EndNote Library, under Online Search on the left, click on PubMed (NLM). b)Enter keyword in search box c)Retrieved records from 1 through XX . Enter the desired number for XX. d)All records (relevant?) will be saved into EndNote 23

Step 3 : Collect References/Citations Method 3: Manually Create a Reference in EndNote • Useful for working papers / manuscripts which are not found in databases a) In an EndNote Library, at the top, click on References  New Reference b) Under Reference Type:, click on the drop-down menu and select accordingly (eg. Web Page) c)Enter information such as author, year, title d)Simply click on X (close the window) and the reference will be saved 24

Other Features a) Remove Duplicates i. In an EndNote Library, click References on the menu bar  Find Duplicates b) Organise References into Groups (or folders) i. Highlight a reference in EndNote Library Right – Click  Add References To  Create Custom ii. Group… iii. Type a group name. Enter. c) Auto-Filtering with Smart Groups d) Compress a Library and Email to Colleague e) Direct Links to Web of Science via Library Proxy 25

Toolbar in Microsoft Word • Microsoft Word 2003 • Microsoft Word 2007

Step 4: Insert References in Word (Cite While You Write) a) In an EndNote library, highlight a reference. b) In Microsoft Word, place cursor at insertion point. c) Look for the EndNote toolbar: For Word 2003 , click on 4 th button Insert Selected i. Citation(s) ii. For Word 2007, click on the button Insert Citation. Click Insert Selected Citation(s). d) The reference is inserted. 27

Step 5: Change Reference Style a) In Microsoft Word, look for the EndNote toolbar: For Word 2003 & below, click on the 3 rd button i. Format Bibliography . For Word 2007, go to Style:  Select another style ii. b) Under With output style, click Browse... c) Select the desired journal style. Eg. JAMA d) The references are now re-formatted. 28