WIVE workshop WIVE workshop Managing distributed innovation processes in Virtual Organisations by applying the Virtual Organisations by applying the Collaborative Network Relationship Analysis Dr. rer. pol. Jens Eschenbächer Dipl. Inf. Heiko Duin Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus-Dieter Thoben PROVE 2009
Content • Categories of innovation • Categories of innovation • Case study for distributed innovation in VO • Qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate collaborative relationships in distributed innovation collaborative relationships in distributed innovation processes • Collaborative network relationship analysis C ll b ti t k l ti hi l i • Case study - revisited y • Conclusions WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Categories of Innovationen Innovation: I-Phone, IPOD Product innovation Product innovation Global innovation processes (concept in Process innovation Process innovation US manufacturing in China test cases in US, manufacturing in China, test cases in several countries, etc.) Automatic update of Podcasts Service innovation I-Tunes, platform for all types of new Business model innovation business ideas (talking books, radio stations, podcasts, …) technical Innovation, application innovation, empirical Further models innovation, marketing innovation, structural Innovation (Reference: Granig 2007, S. 197, Geoffrey 2004, S. 62) WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Example innovation project: Intelligent front mirror production Market research Pre-development Design Product development x Main innovation : Main innovation : Situation : Situation : Multi-touch governance of objects •4 companies would like to collaborate (VO- and information on an intelligent oriented), front mirror •Sharing competencies is key, g p y, •Technological and organisational challenges and •Is there a market for intelligent front mirrors (cost estimate: 1500-2500 Euros) ? ( t ti t 1500 2500 E ) ? Objective: •Definition and analysis of needed Definition and analysis of needed, collaborative network relationships WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Analysis of collaborative network relationships Quantitative and qualitative methods Qualitative-oriented methods – etimate Quantitative-oriented methods-measure (Ellmann 2007, Rank 2003, Wald 2003, (Hollstein 2006, Eschenbaecher 2009, Jarimo And Korpiaho 2008, Wassermann and Fausst 2008): Wührer 1995, Jansen 2006, Abreu and • Triangulation Camarinha-Matos 2008, S. S. Msanjila, H. Afsarmanesh 2008, Wasserman/Faust 1994): ) • Field research • Density of partner • Interpretative procedures • Centrality • Open interviews • Inward-oriented relationships • Time series analysis • Outward oriented relationships • Outward oriented relationships • Relationship analysis (collaborative networks) Relationship analysis (collaborative networks) • Closeness to other partner, • Etc . • Benefit analysis • Value systems and trust management WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Quantitiative Network Analysis – various Indicators Outward Orientation (Rank 1998, Wald 2003,…) Inward Orientation (Renz 1998, Rank 2003, Wald 2003, …) Network Density (Ellmann 2008) Network Centrality (Ellmann 2008) WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Qualitative view: Collaborative relationships and intensities A B C Identification of Identification of Collaboration Collaborative Interaction Intensities Relationships Groups Identification of Id tifi ti f I t Interactions are ti I t Interactions have ti h Collaborative of Different Category Intensities Relationships WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Collaborative network relationship analysis Life-cycle VO formation VO set-up VO dissolution nodes edges Accurate Accurate Collaborative network Collaborative network understanding relationship analysis Providing information on innovation processes in p VO operation phase Structural dimension time WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Collaborative network relationship analysis Analysis and definition of competencies and network structures 1. Determine competencies and network structure nning phase Presentation of network by using a value-chain oriented analysis of nodes 2. Present cooperation partners p p Plan Deduction of interactions (cost estimates) and cooperation intensities between partners 3.Define and measure cooperation intensities cooperation intensities Configuration of Stage-Gate Model on Basis of necessary tion phase interactions and respective cooperation intensities 4. Configure stage-Gate Model Configurat Selection of appropriate tools and applications to support interactions within cooperative innovations process 5. Select and assign ICT-systems sage/ Evalu- tion phase Accomplishment and evaluation of phases and gates 6. Use and evaluate applications Us a WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Step 3: Method to define and measure collaboration intensities Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Identification of Interactions Definition of Variables for each Investigation of the Collaboration Intensity and their Categories Interaction Group Estimate about cooperation intensity by using a scoring system: by using a scoring system: Definition of objectives 1 = difficult, 0.5 = medium,: 0 = simple Innovation-promoting interactions ICT administration Tangible-means related interactions complexity Criteria Interaction Legal interactions I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 interdisciplinary cooperation Financial interactions Definition of 0 0,5 0,5 1 0 Conflict potential Personal interactions objectives ICT-related interactions Adjustment necessity ICT 0,5 1 1 0,5 0 management Dependency of planning Complexity 0,5 0,5 1 1 0,5 Information deformation Step 4 Step5 Specification of the Collaboration Identification of the Collaborative Relationships Based on the Evaluated Intensity by application of steps 1-3 Interactions 0 – 2 points 2 – 4 points 4 – 5.5 points 5.5 – 7 points 7 – 8 points WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Case revisited – main interactions Innovation ‐ promoting interaction I1: Display technology Automotive supplier ‐ Soft ‐ und Hardware I2: display contrast and brightness I1 PE VE PR VT RA I5: Software concept I5 I7: First prototype i I13: Feedback by living labs I13 Tangibe means related I1 VE interactions interactions I7 I4 I3: Derating VE I8: pre ‐ series models I5 PE I2 I10: technology test I3 PE I11 I11 Legal interactions PR I10 I14: patent management PR I6 EK Financial interactions I4: House Engineer VT I14 I6: sample management RA I11: project controlling I7 I9 I12 I8 Automotive OEM Display producer Display producer Personal interactions Personal interactions Implementation I9: exchange of experts Display technolgy VE PE PR VT ICT related interactions I12: ICT infrastructure, Sharepoint Portal , p Engineering company g g p y Mechanic and construction WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Collaboration Intensity – Example (1) Example – Basic Assumptions P1 P2 – Project with 4 Partners (Nodes) P j t ith 4 P t (N d ) P4 P4 P3 Workplan – 4 Tasks to be performed 4 Tasks to be performed (effort in person-days, time in weeks) P1 P2 P3 P4 Totals Start Dur. Task 1 20.0 12.0 32.0 0 4 Task 2 Task 2 30.0 30 0 21.2 21 2 51.2 51 2 2 2 8 8 Task 3 14.0 10.0 24.0 6 6 Task 4 Task 4 18 0 18.0 30 0 30.0 48.0 48 0 8 8 6 6 WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Collaboration Intensity – Example (2) Ass ming eq all distrib ted reso rces o er the Assuming equally distributed resources over the duration, the collaboration intensity can be calculated by dividing the totals by the duration of the task. P1 P2 P3 P4 Totals Start Dur. Intens. 8.0 Task 1 20.0 12.0 32.0 0 4 Task 2 Task 2 30.0 30 0 21.2 21 2 51 2 51.2 2 2 8 8 6 4 6.4 Task 3 14.0 10.0 24.0 6 6 4.0 Task 4 Task 4 18 0 18.0 30 0 30.0 48 0 48.0 8 8 6 6 8 0 8.0 WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Quantitiative Network Analysis – Common Indicators (Wassermann und Fausst 1994, 2008, Knocke und Kulinski 2006) N i O z ,( i j ) index of actor i Outward Orientation Out ijk j i i j j index of actor j index of actor j j (Rank 1998, Wald 2003,…) 1 k network k N N total number of actors O O z ,( ( i i j j ) ) i in a network k t k k Inward Orientation In ijk i (Renz 1998, Rank 2003, Wald 2003, …) i 1 1 N N D z ,( i j ) Network Density k ijk 2 N N i 1 j j 1 (Ellmann 2008) ( ) N ( z z ) ijk ijk ijk ijk j 1 C ,( i j ) Network Centrality i N N (Ellmann 2008) z ijk ijk i 1 j 1 WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
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