Wireless Sensor Networks Connecting the Internet to the Physical World Dr Dirk Pesch Centre for Adaptive Wireless Systems Cork Institute of Technology Cork, Ireland http://www.aws.cit.ie EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Overview • Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks • Application Space and Examples • Sensor Network Design Challenges • Challenges in Sensor Network Connection to Internet • Specific Application - Wireless Building Management and Control EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Structure of a Wireless Sensor Network Antenna Server Interface electronics, radio and microcontroller Soil moisture probe Mote Sensor field Gateway Internet EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Wireless Sensor Nodes • Sensor Node Hardware – Sensors + Processing – „Tiny“ – Low Price Crossbow Mote – Low Power Consumption • Wireless Communications/Networking http://www.xbow.com/ – Several technologies in ISM bands • typically IEEE 802.15.4 – Protocol stacks • several, often proprietary • Operating Systems Fraunhofer: eGRAIN – Several, majority TinyOS, but also Contiki, SOS, Mantis, etc. • Reference Devices – Berkeley motes, e.g. Mica2, MicaZ, TelosB – Fraunhofer eGRAIN – Tyndall National Institute motes – Many others Tyndall sensor node EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Why Connecting WSN to the Internet? • Extending the reach of the Internet into the physical world – Building “The Internet of Things” • Sensing wide range of parameters to gather data to provide Internet applications with real world context – Enhancing the “Semantic Web” • Effecting application decisions onto the real world – Sensor/actuator networks • Creating novel applications for Internet connected devices – Enhancing mobile handsets with sensors – Making the mobile device the Internet gateway EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Sensor Network Design Challenges • Scale of sensor network • Node mobility – Thousands of devices • Heterogeneity of devices • Deployment – Range of processing and power capabilities – Random vs. planned – Range of sensing • Node/Sensing Coverage capabilities – Sporadic, contiguous • Heterogeneity of • Connectivity protocols – Intermittent, continuous – Wide range of application • Node size and packaging specific protocols – Most effective protocols not • Node lifetime part of any standard – Battery power, energy • Sensor network harvesting management – Fault tolerance EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Application Space for Wireless Sensor Networks • Home and building automation and control • Industrial automation • Automotive and vehicular environment • Monitoring in building and construction sector • Urban monitoring and control (traffic, safety, energy, …) • Animal and life stock tracking, habitat monitoring • Agriculture • Environmental monitoring • Medicine, healthcare, and sports performance • Surveillance, safety, and security • many other … EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Emergency Management Lifeline Sensor Network on Firefighter and in Building • Idea for Lifeline: – put sensors along the way when entering the building – relay data information and voice messages from firefighters wirelessly to the incident commander outside at the fire engine – collect information, e.g. temperature, air quality and visibility, and warn the firemen if the return is blocked. – relay voice messages from firefighter back to incident commander IST IP wearit@work EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Recreational/e-Health http://www.ece.uah.edu/~jovanov/whrms/ EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Current Research in Communication Protocols for WSN • WSN is one of the “hot topics” in computer network/computer science research at the moment • Much research has addressed communication protocol issues for WSN over the past 7 – 8 years – focus initially on PHY, MAC, NWL with a view to power efficiency – Recently more attempts at cross-layer interaction to improve on power issues – Research often within scope of a specific application space – Focus also often not in line with industry developments and standards • Many disparate proposals that try to solve a particular problem – A new MAC protocol, a new routing approach, a specific data dissemination protocol, etc. • Biggest problem – performance evaluation largely based on computer simulation – range of simulation environments that all give different results – very few real WSN deployments, even less of large scale EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Current Standards based Communication Technologies • IEEE802 Series – IEEE802.11/WiFi – IEEE802.15.1/Bluetooth, WiBree – IEEE802.15.4 • IEEE802.15.4 based – ZigBee – Wireless HART – ISA-SP100.11a • IETF’s 6LoWPAN • Z-Wave EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Challenges for Wireless Sensor Network Connection to Internet • Accessibility and connection points – How and where to connect sensor networks to the Internet – What are the best interfaces between sensor networks and the Internet • Addressability of nodes and services – How to address individual sensor nodes from the Internet – is this really necessary – How to address services provided by sensor networks – traditional URL based addressing and service registers too heavy • Volume and representation of data – Potentially huge volume of data, in particular in environmental monitoring – Representation and meaning of data • Protocol compatibility and interworking – Plethora of protocols developed for wireless sensor networks - no “one standard” as used in Internet – How to best interwork between TCP/IP and range of sensor network protocols • Quality of Service EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Example Application: Building Management and Control • Connecting and controlling buildings with/over the Internet – Improved ambience and work environments – web based control – Reduced energy consumption – controlling, creating awareness – Assisted Living – supporting ageing society – Security – remote monitoring and alerting • Reduced energy consumption - focus of Cork Smart Building Cluster – Energy used in buildings accounts for almost half of energy consumed in the European Community – Building sector produces 22% of total CO2 emissions in the EC - more than industrial sector – Almost 85% of the energy used in buildings is for low temperature applications such as space and water heating • Wireless Building Management and Control Systems – Are retrofitable – contribute to the efficient management and energy reduction in buildings EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Sensor Networks for Building Management CONTROL CONTROL Artificial Lighting External Shading Devices CONTROL Paradigm: Task Lights PREDICTIVE BUILDING OPERATION New Hardware Micro-Zone Control CONTROL Value-Added Services Self-Adaptive, Wireless Sensor/Actuator Infrastructure Compare with Design Intent Maintain & Analyse History EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Challenges for Wireless Building Control and Management • Node life-times currently one to two orders of magnitude shorter than building life-time • No clear roadmap for protocol standards – IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee seems favourite – serious power and scalability issues – Effective integration with Local, Wide Area Networks, the Internet • Limited understanding of wireless sensor network design for BMS – Hierarchical network architecture comprising heterogeneous technologies – Large scale sensor network with wide range of sensors required, e.g. ca. 500 nodes in building of ca. 3000m 2 – No proper sensor network design approach and tool support • Sensor network management systems required EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Irish Activities: Cork Smart Building Cluster ����� 7 PI ������������ ����������������� ������ ��������� �������������� 10 PI ������������� ���������������� ����������������� ���������� EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT
Recommend
More recommend
