www. Wildlife in the Tropical wwfthai. Wetlands org Dr . Chavalit Vidthayanon Senior Freshwater Biologist WWF Greatermekong Thailand
www. wwfthai. org • Example of wetland wildlife cases • Freshwater dolphins • Dugong • Wetland dependent mammals • Amphibians • Freshwater & Sea turtles • Aquatic reptiles
www. wwfthai. Keystone-Flagship species org samples Mekong basin: Giant catfish, big fishes, Irrawaddi dolphin Central plains: big fishes, stingrays, croc. Coastal : Cetacea, sharks and rays Peat swamp forests: Stenotopic fishes, croc. Seagrass beds: dugong, dolphins, fishes Lagoon and Lake: Irrawaddi dolphin, sharks and rays
www. แหลงอาศัยของสัตวปา wwfthai. Critical Species and Habitats org • Endangered aquatic mammals – Irrawaddi dolphin : Mainstreams, lagoons – Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin: Coastal waters – Smooth-coated otter: forested streams – Hairy-nosed otter : peatswamps – Dugong: seagrasses • Endangered aquatic Reptiles – จระเขน้ําจืด Siamese Crocodile : flooded forests – มานลาย Giant softshell turtle : river sand dunes – เตากระอาน Batagur baska : lowland rivers, estuaries
www. Mekong Wetlands as Bird Habitats and wwfthai. Birding Sites org • Over 300 species of Migratory Birds นกใกลสูญพันธุของโลก Globally threatened waterbirds • – กระเรียน Eastern sarus crane – นางนวลแกลบทองดํา Black-bellied tern – นางนวลแกลบแมน้ํา Indian river tern – กระแตผียักษ Great thick-knee – Giant ibis – White-shouldered ibis • Endemic birds – Mekong wagtail – Mekong Bengal florican
Threatened Waterbirds www. wwfthai. org Globally
Wetland dependent mammals www. wwfthai. org Flathead cat: Endangered Otter civet Baycat: Endangered Giant otter Hairy-nosed otter
www. wwfthai. org Asian Rhinos: EN to Critical Saola: EN Asian Mega fauna Wild buffalos
Pere david’s deer Asian tapir org Asian Mega fauna Barasinga www. wwfthai. Eld’s deer
www. wwfthai. org Critically Endangered: CR Indochinese hogdeer Axis porcinus annamiticus
Forest Wetlands Neotropic Rain Rain Forest Wetlands Congo www. wwfthai. org
OKAVANGO SWAMP www. wwfthai. org
Me? • Cetaceans is the closest relative to ??? Quiz of the hour Me? – Dugong www. wwfthai. org – Seals – Pigs
www. wwfthai. org Bryde ’ s whale Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin Coastal cetaceans
Freshwater dolphins under threats Baiji, Yangtze dolphin Finless porpoise Tucuxi Boto, Amazon River dolphin Irrawaddy Bhulan, Indus dolphin dolphin Susu, Ganges dolphin GLOBAL 200 ECOREGIONS
Ganges River dolphin,susu www. wwfthai. ( Platanista gangetica gangetica) org
Indus River dolphin, bhulan (Platanista gangetica minor)
Yangtze River dolphin, Baiji www. wwfthai. (Lipotes vexillifer) EX org
www. wwfthai. org Yangze Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)
www. Amazon River dolphin, Boto, wwfthai. org ( Inia geoffrensis)
www. wwfthai. org Irrawaddy dolphin, Pa Kha \ ( Orcaella brevirostris)
www. Irrawaddi dolphin โลมาหัวบาตรครีบหลัง wwfthai. org 2.5 m/160kg Food: Catfishes, fishes and squids Important inland populations Habitat: coastal to inner river, up to 1,000 km from the sea . Mandalay Chilika Lagoon Different species Siphandon-Kratie Bangpakong Thale noi Mahakam R.
www. Threats to dolphins ! wwfthai. org • Intensive catch for Dolphinaria, Zoos and aquarium • International trade • Habitat lost • Pollution • By-catch dead • Over 90 dolphinaria in Asia • More than 50 dolphins exported From Thailand, Indonesia (2003)
www. wwfthai. org IUCN Red list of Freshwater Dolphins Indus River dolphin: ENDANGERED (EN) Ganges River dolphin: ENDANGERED (EN) Irrawaddy dolphin/ some populations : CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR) (DD) Finless porpoise: ENDANGERED (EN) Yangtze river dolphin: CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR/PE) Amazon river dolphin: VULNERABLE (VU) Tucuxi: Data deficient (DD)
www. Laos-Cambodian Mekong wwfthai. org Inner Gulf of Thailand Chilika Lake India Monkey Mea Aus. • Dolphin/whale watching tourism Value of cetaceans • Local tourism benefit
Seagrass specialist www. wwfthai. org
Seagrass beds as fishes nursing ground and dugong habitats www. wwfthai. org
Dugongs farm seagrass – when dugongs are lost from www. wwfthai. an area it may decline in habitat quality org From Helene Marsh 23 Aug. 05 Dugong Conservation Workshop James Cook University Australia Dugong biology, ecology, populations and behaviour
www. wwfthai. Area of occupancy: shallow Area of occupancy: shallow org coastal waters coastal waters potentially > 125,800 km 2 potentially > 125,800 km 2 Critical habitat seagrass beds < 10m Critical habitat seagrass beds < 10m especially <3m especially <3m
Threats to the dugong www. wwfthai. org Gill netting Food/medicine/artefacts Boat strikes for subsistence Agricultural pollution Coastal development
www. Uncertain prospects wwfthai. org Population size thousands ? % global range 45 % of range believed declining 19 % range declining/ unknown 100 % range gill nets 91-100 South East Asia % range human settlement 100 % range harvested food/ medicine/ artefacts 89-99 Threat score High
www. High risk of extinction wwfthai. org Indian region Population size thousands No % global range 3 % of range believed declining 97 % range declining/ unknown 100 % range gill nets 97 % range human settlement 100 % range harvested food/ medicine/ 97 artefacts Threat score Very High
www. wwfthai. Threats from human settlement in the org dugong’s range from World Resource Institute Food security is an issue in much of the range
www. Quiz of the hour wwfthai. org • Which animal that is cousin of Dugong, Manatees and Sea cows ??? • Cattles • Elephants • Hippos
Crocodilians www. wwfthai. True Wetland reptiles org Global 22 species. All CITES List 8 spp. In Asian wetlands Farmed over 10 species, annually over 10 million crocs consumed. Control mammal and fish populations, including their carrions Mostly tropical, 3 subtropical and temperate
Temperate croc. www. Chinese alligator wwfthai. org Depended on wetland biodiversity: Forest-waters Invert.-Amphibians-Fishes-Mammals/Birds
www. wwfthai. Southeast Asian Crocs org Indo-Pacific Crocodile Crocodylus porosus widest distribution Siamese croc. False gharial Crocodylus siamensis Tomistoma schelegeli
Other wetland depended reptiles www. wwfthai. org
www. wwfthai. org Coastal Seasnakes Consumed in Philippines and Okinawa as food and traditional medicine
org FreshwaterTurtles www. wwfthai. 14 Spp in Redlist 2 CR in S-SEA Trionycidae Platysternidae Testudinidae Bataguridae 35 Spp in Redlist 9 Spp in Redlist 9 CR in S-SEA 1 CR in S-SEA
Viet Nam Endemic Countries Myanmar org SEA. T urtles www. wwfthai.
Main threats www. wwfthai. org Callagur borneensis SEA Critical Wildlife pet trade: Japan,EU Delicacy: China, VN Critical Wetland lost: All Critical Chitra chitra TH Heosemys depressa Myanmar
www. wwfthai. org Quiz of the hour • Who is the only one tetrapod that feed mainly on sponges?? • Why some sea turtle species died for rubbish plastic bag eating??
Sea Turtle Sea Turtle www. wwfthai. org 2 families 8 species Indo-Pacific Atlantic Leatherback turtle Black sea turtle Green sea turtle Kemp’s ridley turtle Olive ridley turtle Loggerhead turtle Hawksbill sea turtle Flatback turtle
www. wwfthai. org Sea turtle Fact Sheet Survival rate of adults 1 pair from 5000 eggs Males hatched from lower 28 C Journey for over 3000 km annually Over 1000 m dives One of the largest living reptile : Leatherback 2.6 m/ 916 kg Originated from Cretaceus; 130 mya. Recent species came for 60-10 mys.
www. wwfthai. org เตาตะนุ Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas Diet: seagrass
www. เตาหัวคอน wwfthai. org Loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta Diet: shellfishes
Hawksbillseaturtle www. wwfthai. Eretmochelys imbricata org Diet: sponges “ Only one tetrapod species who feed on Sponges ”
เตาหญา www. wwfthai. Olive ridley turtle org Lepidochelys olivacea Diet: fishes and shellfishes
www. org Arribada wwfthai. Mass nesting of 40,000 Olive Ridley in Costa Rica
Arribada sites of Sea turtles www. wwfthai. org
เตามะเฟอง Leatherback turtle www. wwfthai. Dermochelys coriacea org Diet: jellyfishes By Songpol Tippayawong WWF TH
www. เตาหญาแคริบเบียน wwfthai. org Lepidochelys kempi เตาหลังแบน Natator depressa
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