Wide Area Measurement Systems - Monitoring and Control for the Grid - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Wide Area Measurement Systems - Monitoring and Control for the Grid of the Future Department of Energy Transmission Reliability Program Third Annual Carnegie Mellon Conference on the Electricity Industry March 13-14, 2007 Phil Overholt Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability

Transmission Reliability Mission Develop technologies and technically-based policy options to enhance the reliability and economic efficiency of the Nation’s electric power delivery system under competitive electricity markets

Transmission Reliability Projects Summary � Real Time Grid Reliability Management – Reliability Adequacy Tools • NERC - Performance metrics research, standards development support, and compliance monitoring prototypes, including visualization – Advanced Measurement and Control • North American Synchro-Phasor Initiative � Reliability and Markets – Market Design and Market Monitoring � Load as a Resource

Power System Reliability Analysis Gaps � Lack of wide-area visibility � Lack of situational awareness � Need for time-synchronized data recorders – Phasor measurement technology is the solution

Lack of Visibility and Situational Awareness Led to Aug. ’ 03 Blackout August 14, 2003 Blackout 0 -10 -20 Normal Phase Angle is approx. -25º -30 -40 Relative Phase Angle -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 Phase -100 Angles -110 Diverged -120 -130 Prior To -140 Blackout -150 Cleveland West Michigan -160 -170 15:05:00 15:32:00 15:44:00 15:51:00 16:05:00 16:06:01 16:09:05 16:10:38 Time (EDT) 14 Aug 2003 Notes: Angles are based on data from blackout investigation. Angles are calculated from a Powerflow Simulation. Angle reference is Browns Ferry.

North American Synchro-Phasor Initiative (NASPI) Elements NASPI Work Group EIPP Work Group � Leadership Team (led by Phil Overholt/DOE and Stan Johnson/NERC) Executive Steering Executive Steering Leadership Committee Leadership Team Group Group � Participating operating entities investing in equipment and communications � Executive Steering Galvan Planning Implementation Off Line Applications Bhatt Business Management Business Management Group Entergy Task Team Task Team Task Team Task Team AEP Cummings Bilke, Hawkins Operations Implementation Real Time Applications Equipment Placement Equipment Placement NERC Task Team Task Team Task Team Task Team MISO CAISO Performance Standards Novosel Myrda Data Management Data & Network Infrasource TRC Task Team Task Team Task Team Task Team Solutions Beard, Minnicucci Research Coordination TVA SCE Task Team

NASPI Work Group � The Work Group’s mission is to create a robust, widely available and secure synchronized data measurement exchange network over the North American grid with associated analysis and monitoring tools for better planning and operation, and improved reliability.

50 networked PMUs Green, Red, & Gray: 75 planned PMUs Legend Cyan: PMU Deployment

Real Time Dynamic Monitoring System for Wide Area Phasor Monitoring

Warning Signs of the August 10, 1996 WSCC Breakup 008 Malin-Round Mountain #1 MW caseID=Aug10E5loadPF casetime=04/16/98_14:41:48 PPSM at Dittmer Control Center 15:48:51 Vancouver, WA Out-of-Step separation 1500 15:42:03 15:47:36 Keeler-Allston line trips Ross-Lexington line trips/ McNary generation drops off 1400 1300 0.276 Hz 0.252 Hz 0.264 Hz, 3.46% damping 1200 (see detail) Reference time = 15:35:30 PDT [bitmap version 1100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Time in Seconds

AEP Kanawha River bus frequency for Aug14 Blackout 12:00-16:10 EDT KNRV Kanawha River Bus KV1 FreqL LcaseID=AEPpmu030814_krNBP1 casetime=09/22/03_14:36:45 Scalar Autospectrum: WFmode 3 view(10,70) Time in Seconds since 14-Aug-2003 12:00 EDT 15000 10000 0.02 0.01 5000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0 0.8 0.9 Frequency in Hertz

Visualization and Control -- Challenges and Needs for an Evolving Industry Structure CURRENT AND PROPOSED LEVELS: MONITORING AND CONTROL: Situation Awareness for Emergency DOE Response Wide-Area Level 3 Situation Awareness Wide Area Level 2 Standards Performance, Monitoring, FERC Reliability Notification and Reporting Standards Performance Real Time Wide-Area Monitoring and NERC Emerging Wide-Area Wide-Area Level 1 Compliance for Interconnections Reliability Performance Load-Generation, Inter-Area Schedules, And Transmission Adequacy Monitoring and Compliance System State Estimation, Security Level 3 ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMS) Analysis, and Security RTO, ISO, CONTROL AREA Constraint Dispatch Regional Load-Generation Level 2 SCADA - REGIONAL CONTROL CENTER and Grid Switching Control Level 1 LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL Local Generation and SUBSTATIONS Substation Control GENERATION PLANTS

Summary of Research Goals and Milestones Research Near-Term(1-2 Years) Mid-Term (2-5 Years) Long-Term Areas (5-10 Years) � Wide-area visibility with � Wide-area visibility with full common situational coverage � Real-time protection awareness screens � Visualization � Approaching real-time state � Baseline normal operating � Distributed closed measurement for operators conditions, limits and alarms loop control � Dynamic system security for EI � Monitoring � Automatic smart- assessment tools � Demonstrate improved state switchable networks estimation with phasor � Common operator tools deployed � Planning measurements � Congestion management � Model validation for better system understanding � Dynamic ratings � Phasor � Identify human factors & � Improved LMP Infrastructure visualization needs for phasor Management � Work with industry to initiate major based operations tools demonstration of real-time control � Define best practices for for dynamic security enhanced grid “forensics” � Control � Design next generation data � Work with industry to demonstrate and communications adaptive islanding protection infrastructure concepts to improve protection from � Protection � Define research and wide-area blackouts demonstration approach for � Develop strategy for next-generation real-time control � Switching operational tool concepts � Identify research needs for federal investment 2006 - 2007 2007 - 2010 2010 - 2015

Phasor Technology Vision & Roadmap -- Summary EPACT ’05 Compliance Research Outcomes � System visibility & situational awareness across entire interconnection DOE Vision for � Wide area grid monitoring – Grid of The Future common data & visualization platform PHASOR TECHNOLOGY � Interconnection wide state RESEARCH estimation ROADMAP � State measurement based grid Blackout Study operations & security Recommendations management � Uniform standards & protocols for data collection, communications & security Industry Changes Industry Changes � Reliable & high quality phasor data to facilitate smart grid & Challenges & Challenges control & operations � Dynamic system security assessment

Advanced Energy Initiative � Develop advanced batteries for plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles � Complete clean coal technology research funding and move resulting innovations into the marketplace � Develop a new Global Nuclear Energy Partnership to address spent nuclear fuel, eliminate proliferation risks, and expand the promise of clean, reliable, and affordable nuclear energy � Reduce the cost of solar photovoltaic technologies,….. and expand access to wind energy through technology www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/toolbox/pdfs/energy_booklet.pdf