Why Open Data? Closed Data is Bad For You Ingo R. Keck ingo.keck@openknowledge.ie Open Knowledge Ireland CC-BY-SA 2014-05-09
Table of Contents Government and Open Data Open Data Open Data Users Open Data Definition The Data Pipeline Economic Impact Closed Data Hurts Wikipedia Bicycle Helmet Law Open Street Maps Tamiflu Fix My Street Snowden It Is Not Just Open Data
Open Data Definition A piece of data or content is open if anyone is free to use, reuse, and redistribute it – subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and/or share-alike. (Open Knowledge, http://opendefinition.org )
Open Data Economic Impact Open data can generate more than $3 trillion a year in additional value in key sectors of the global economy, including education, health, transportation, and electricity. (McKinsey via The White House http://www.whitehouse.gov/ blog/2014/04/08/impact-open-data )
Open Data 500 http://www.opendata500.com
Open Data Motivation . . . that is all very nice, but what is in it for me?
Table of Contents Government and Open Data Open Data Open Data Users Open Data Definition The Data Pipeline Economic Impact Closed Data Hurts Wikipedia Bicycle Helmet Law Open Street Maps Tamiflu Fix My Street Snowden It Is Not Just Open Data
Wikipedia . . . how has it changed your life?
Table of Contents Government and Open Data Open Data Open Data Users Open Data Definition The Data Pipeline Economic Impact Closed Data Hurts Wikipedia Bicycle Helmet Law Open Street Maps Tamiflu Fix My Street Snowden It Is Not Just Open Data
Open Street Maps OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. http://www.openstreetmap.org
Open Street Maps What you can do: ◮ Get maps from all over the world ◮ Free and open usage ◮ Download it to be independent ◮ Add local environment ◮ Correct errors ◮ Update yourself ◮ Machine readable
Open Street Maps What you can do: ◮ Get maps from all over the world ◮ Free and open usage ◮ Download it to be independent ◮ Add local environment ◮ Correct errors ◮ Update yourself ◮ Machine readable Before Open Streetmap: ◮ Espensive, closed, not updateable ◮ Sublicenses impossible or extremly costly
Example
Aplications ◮ Mobile apps: Take the Map with you, no data charges ◮ GIS: Add local data to the Map like flood levels, damages, etc ◮ Websites: How to get to your shop? ◮ Visualisation: Where are your trucks? ◮ Visualisation: Where is the flooding)? ◮ Visualisation: Where should I buy a house? ◮ . . .
Table of Contents Government and Open Data Open Data Open Data Users Open Data Definition The Data Pipeline Economic Impact Closed Data Hurts Wikipedia Bicycle Helmet Law Open Street Maps Tamiflu Fix My Street Snowden It Is Not Just Open Data
Fix My Street http://fixmystreet.ie/
Table of Contents Government and Open Data Open Data Open Data Users Open Data Definition The Data Pipeline Economic Impact Closed Data Hurts Wikipedia Bicycle Helmet Law Open Street Maps Tamiflu Fix My Street Snowden It Is Not Just Open Data
Snowden NSA, GHCS, Heartbleed, RC4, whole country phone tapping, predictable random number generaters, . . .
Snowden NSA, GHCS, Heartbleed, RC4, whole country phone tapping, predictable random number generaters, . . . . . . How has your live changed since then?
Snowden NSA, GHCS, Heartbleed, RC4, whole country phone tapping, predictable random number generaters, . . . . . . How has your live changed since then? . . . And it still is (mostly) closed data. :-(
Table of Contents Government and Open Data Open Data Open Data Users Open Data Definition The Data Pipeline Economic Impact Closed Data Hurts Wikipedia Bicycle Helmet Law Open Street Maps Tamiflu Fix My Street Snowden It Is Not Just Open Data
Open Data Users Who uses open data from the government?
Open Data Users Who uses open data from the government? In Norway 20 % of FOIs for government information are coming from officials inside government. (2014-05-11 tweet by @anpe (Anders Pedersen), openspending.org)
Government Open Data Use Common problems: ◮ Do you know what data is in your department? ◮ Do you know what data is in the other departments? ◮ Do you know what data is in the central government ◮ Do you know what data is in the local governments? If you make it open: ◮ You are transparent (no more FOI request!) ◮ You are up-to-date ◮ You know what is going on ◮ Synergies can be found (let’s optimize!)
Open Government Partnership http://opengovpartnership.org/ ◮ More Transparency ◮ More Acountability ◮ More Citizen Participation ◮ Open Data by Default ◮ FOI 2011 8 countries 2013 64 countries 2014 64 + 7 countries
Open Government Partnership http://opengovpartnership.org/ ◮ More Transparency ◮ More Acountability ◮ More Citizen Participation ◮ Open Data by Default ◮ FOI 2011 8 countries 2013 64 countries 2014 64 + 7 countries → OGP is not going to go away!
The Data Pipeline - The Old Way Document Document Document Document Document
The Data Pipeline - The Old Way Document Document Document Document Document Manual reporting is slow and expensive!
The Data Pipeline - The New Way
The Data Pipeline - The New Way Automatic reporting is fast and cheap!
Table of Contents Government and Open Data Open Data Open Data Users Open Data Definition The Data Pipeline Economic Impact Closed Data Hurts Wikipedia Bicycle Helmet Law Open Street Maps Tamiflu Fix My Street Snowden It Is Not Just Open Data
Bicycle Helmet Law in Austria http://www.bmvit.gv.at/verkehr/strasse/sicherheit/kinder/ kinderhelmpflicht.html 2011 Helmet campaign by Austrian Ministry for Traffic, Innovation and Technology: ”900 head injuries per year could be evaded with a child helmet law” (up to 10 years)
Bicycle Helmet Law in Austria http://www.bmvit.gv.at/verkehr/strasse/sicherheit/kinder/ kinderhelmpflicht.html 2011 Helmet campaign by Austrian Ministry for Traffic, Innovation and Technology: ”900 head injuries per year could be evaded with a child helmet law” (up to 10 years)
Open Data to the Resue! . . .
Parlamentarian Process External experts: ◮ How can 900 head injuries be avoided if there are only 625 children injured and most of them already use helmets? ◮ Experience from Australia: Helmet laws do not increase helmet usage, they reduce bicyle usage without helmet ◮ Helmet laws increase accident risk and risk of injury for cyclists ( http: //www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/ME/ME_00261/index.shtml , especially http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/SNME/SNME_ 06080/imfname_208927.pdf )
Parlamentarian Process External experts: ◮ How can 900 head injuries be avoided if there are only 625 children injured and most of them already use helmets? ◮ Experience from Australia: Helmet laws do not increase helmet usage, they reduce bicyle usage without helmet ◮ Helmet laws increase accident risk and risk of injury for cyclists Reaction of austrain parlament: ◮ increase range of law from up to 10 years to up to 12 years. ◮ put helmet law in force with May 2011
Bicycle Helmet Law in Austria Austria: Since May 2011 children up to 12 years old have to wear a bicycle helmet when cycling First results: http://www.bmvit.gv.at/presse/archiv/2012/0606kinderradhelme.html
Bicycle Helmet Law in Austria Austria: Since May 2011 children up to 12 years old have to wear a bicycle helmet when cycling First results: ◮ helmet usage up from 65 % to 86 % (2009 - 2011) ◮ 4500 children in 2011 in hospital due to bicycle accident ◮ 1900 (42 %) with head injury in 2011 ◮ 47 % with head injury in 2009 (year from context, not directly given) ◮ 100 head injuries less due to helmet law
Bicycle Helmet Law in Austria Austria: Since May 2011 children up to 12 years old have to wear a bicycle helmet when cycling . . . Wait a minute?!
Bicycle Helmet Law in Austria Austria: Since May 2011 children up to 12 years old have to wear a bicycle helmet when cycling ◮ helmet usage up from 65 % to 86 % (2009 - 2011) ◮ 4500 children in 2011 in hospital due to bicycle accident 625 in 2009? ◮ 1900 (42 %) with head injury in 2011 ◮ 47 % with head injury in 2009 (year from context) ◮ 100 head injuries less due to helmet law Was that not supposed to be 900? ◮ Funny coincidence that numbers are exact hundreds ◮ if 21 % points increase in useage is because 29% gave up cycling (like in australia), then the head injuries number with no effect should be 1350, but we have 1900? ◮ 2624 non-head injuries now vs 2255 before law?
Bicycle Helmet Law in Austria Austria: Since May 2011 children up to 12 years old have to wear a bicycle helmet when cycling http://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/29/business/ a-bicycling-mystery-head-injuries-piling-up.html
Bicycle Helmet Law in Austria Austria: Since May 2011 children up to 12 years old have to wear a bicycle helmet when cycling Let us find out what happened!
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