Welcome to our Class An Overview of Maranzano’s Instructional Design Questions From The Art & Science of Teaching by Barbara Gorbaty and Toby Martin
Maranzono’s Framwork: • Focused on improving instruction • Research Based- provides a rationale for teacher action with sensitivity to the notion that there is no one formula for success • Pedagogy is both art and science Three parts of pedagogy 1. Use of effective instructional strategies 2. Use of management strategies 3. Use of effective classroom curriculum design strategies
Maranzano’s Instructional Design Questions 1. Establish and communicate learning goals, track student progress, and celebrate success 2. Help students effectively interact with new knowledge 3. Help students practice and deepen their understanding of new knowledge 4. Help students generate and test hypotheses about new knowledge 5. Engage students 6. Establish or maintain classroom rules and procedures 7. Recognize and acknowledge adherence and lack of adherence to classroom rules and procedure 8. Establish and maintain effective relationships with students 9. Communicate high expectations for all students 10. Develop effective lessons organized into a cohesive unit ?????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????
Connection to CTE • The instructional design questions emphasize area that are already strengths of the CTE system. • The instructional design questions inform areas for improvement that are relevant to any learning setting.
Establish and communicate learning goals, track student progress, and celebrate success By being overt in our discussion of what we are aiming for and how we are progressing, students will become more connected to their learning.
Establish and communicate learning goals, track student progress, and celebrate success • Marinzano emphasizes the Within CTE goals are • following regarding setting often defined by the needs of the students to goals: be prepared to enter the workplace. – Keep working towards success – Personalize goals both student Competency lists and • and teacher standards are a logical start to goal setting. – Adapt- desires and personal needs Involving students in • goal setting strengthens – Goals-Instruction that is not buy-in overly specific
Establish and communicate learning goals, track student progress, and celebrate success • Charts, Grade books, Checklists. Keep track-items can be changed if Reinforcing effort and needed providing recognition increases student • Provide Recognition achievement by 29% • Personal, Specific, Pro-Active • Student Exploration -- Take action on the spot Consider the question, • Meet learning objectives, “What mechanisms motivation, positive praise at all best meet these needs within my specific CTE levels, pursue all levels of area? expectations.
Help students interact with new knowledge Within CTE we are continually introducing new processes, procedures and knowledge to our students. The ways in which we form critical input experiences can enhance student learning.
Help students interact with new knowledge Consider the processes & concepts that govern how new knowledge is acquired : • Assimilation- Linking new to old knowledge • Accommodation-More Radical- Making change to existing knowledge • Schema- Accretion, Tuning, Restructuring • Distinguishing Declarative Knowledge and Procedural Knowledge
Help students interact with new knowledge Use quality, research based strategies: • Use summarizing & note taking • Explicitly structure information aids • Use questioning strategies • Encourage students to process own information • Use visual organizers • Reciprocal Teaching- Summarizing, Questioning, Clarifying, Predicting • Mnemonic Strategies
Help students interact with new knowledge Cooperative Learning • Groups based on individual learning (sparingly) • Groups small in size Cooperative Learning • Applied systematically and increases achievement consistently by 27% • Structure • Practice skills independently • Encourage to provide own feedback • Non-authoritiative feedback provides the most understanding and gain
Help students interact with new knowledge Nonlinguistic Representations • Variety of activities • Graphic Represen- tations • Physical Models • Pictures • Drawings • Kinesthetic activities • Elaborate on prior knowledge or the new knowledge
Help students interact with new knowledge An Example: learning medical terminology Terminology is challenging and extensive Attach to prior knowledge – connect • terms and affixes with things students already know. Chunk terms into groups - concentrating • on one area at a time (body systems, descriptive terms, etc.) Use visuals & interactive strategies– • anatomy coloring books, models, puzzles
Help students practice and deepen their understanding of new knowledge To be successful learners, or students need to go beyond basic learning. We need to bring them towards deep and richer understanding that will strengthen their skills
Help students practice and deepen their understanding of new knowledge Cues, Questions, and Advanced Organizers • Effective learning with questions • Focus on what is important • Questions to all levels of students – Wait for reply-foster learning at all levels – Actively engage
Help students practice and deepen their understanding of new knowledge An Example: Finding Similarities and Differences Can increase student achievement by 45% • Guidance in similarities and differences enhances students • understanding- Making good use of knowledge What are the similarities and differences between the sets? What are the similarities and differences within the sets? What are the similarities and differences in function? HOW CAN THINKING ABOUT THIS HELP YOU?
new knowledge Help students practice and deepen their understanding of What, in addition to shop work could students do with this set? – Metaphors – Analogies – Comparing – Classifying
Help students practice and deepen their understanding of new knowledge Assigning Homework Homework and Practice increases achievement by 28% • Rules for Homework • Learning takes work at school and in the home • May be counterproductive if assignments are too large • Make home work clear • Give plenty of feedback- Criterion/Referenced • Homework affords opportunity for practice or procedural knowledge and review of declarative knowledge
Homework in CTE?!? But CTE practice requires specific equipment and materials… Can we address related declarative Not CTE Homework knowledge in homework? Can we design assignments around similarities & differences? Can we have students develop visual representations of processes? Can we leverage technology?
Help students generate and test hypotheses about new knowledge When applying their skills and learning in real-world contexts, our students will need to be able to adapt what they know to new situations and contingencies. By making this an overt part of the learning process we can help them to do this in the classroom and within practical situations.
knowledge . Help students generate and test hypotheses about new Hypotheses- Testing and Generating • Effective Support- (Problem Based Learning) • Experimental Inquiry • Problem Solving • Decision Making • Investigative Tasks • Students- Explain their hypotheses and be able to explain and have historical investigations
. Help students generate and test hypotheses about new knowledge Hypotheses Continued: • Deductive VS. Inductive Deductive- General conclusion from pieces of information • Inductive- Rules to make prediction of a specific event
Help students generate and test hypotheses about new knowledge • Examples in Agriculture • Viewing samples of diseased plant parts to determine the disease. • Using planting conditions to guide choices of plants within a landscape design in order to avoid disease or pests.
knowledge . Help students generate and test hypotheses about new Practical Work • As CTE often has strong ties to industry and the community, there is a rich source of practical, real life experience from which to draw when designing scenarios • Co-ops and other industry or community connected practical experiences can allow students to participate in real problem solving activities. • Throughout these experiences students routinely
Engage Students • Student engagement is tied to motivation and their desire to take farther their learning. By actively working to maintain a high level of engagement we strengthen instruction.
Engage students • High Energy • Helps with missing info • Self-system on info learned • Mild pressure • Mild competition and controversy • Provide physical activity
Establish or maintain classroom rules and procedures Well structured, organized learning environments support student learning. By creating consistency, clarity and order, we allow our students to focus on the business of learning.
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