WEEE recycling: key aspects in reducing the carbon footprint and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

WEEE recycling: key aspects in reducing the carbon footprint and providing access to scarce resources"

 Umicore Group  Umicore Precious Metals Refining  E-scrap: The recycling chain  Challenges for Latin America  Recommendations  Conclusion Umicore image library

Material technology company with focus on clean technologies Global presence: 14,400 people in 80 industrial sites worldwide Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Key megatrends for Umicore More stringent emission control Resource scarcity More stringent emission control Renewable energy Electrification of the automobile Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Umicore fit with megatrends We are a leading producer of key materials for Electrification of rechargeable batteries for laptops, mobile phones the automobile as well as electrified vehicles Resource We are the largest recycler of precious metals; we are able to recycle more than 20 different metals scarcity More stringent We provide catalysts for 1 out of 3 cars in the world as well as for trucks & non-road vehicles emission control We supply key innovative materials for high- Renewable efficiency solar cells and other photovoltaic energy applications Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Umicore’s structure 6 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Umicore and sustainability  On January 23rd 2013, Umicore has been ranked as the most sustainable company in the “ Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World” index.  The index, based on many variables, is published annually since 2005 by Corporate Knights, an independent media and investment research company based in Toronto, Canada. Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Exploring Umicore Precious Metals Refining Excellence in recycling

UPMR: the leading precious metals recycler  unique & innovative technology  excellent services to an international customer basis  wide range of complex precious metals bearing materials  efficient recovery of 17 different metals  applying world class environmental standards Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Our core business Raw materials supply Sampling & Assaying Smelting & Refining Metals sales Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Raw Materials Supply Each year UPMR processes around 350,000 tonnes of more than 200 different types of raw materials containing lead / copper / nickel & precious metals.

Types of raw materials By-products Recyclable products Others Spent By-products Spent Precious metal Electronic Industrial from non- Automotive bearing raw Scrap Catalysts ferrous industry Catalysts materials Industrial e.g. drosses from catalysts from oil e.g. fuel cells, lead smelters, end-of-life e.g. printed circuit refining & photographic car catalysts slimes from copper boards petrochemical residues industry,… industry Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

E-scrap: The Recycling Chain

E-waste, what are we talking about ? Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

E- waste: something to ‘deal’ with COLLECTION & SORTING DISMANTLING & SORTING Printed circuit Steel scrap Cable scrap Plastic scrap ALU scrap CRT, LCD Others boards 15 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

E- waste: something to ‘deal’ with Printed circuit Cable scrap Steel scrap Plastic scrap ALU scrap Others CRT, LCD boards, cell phones LARGE DIVERSITY OF FRACTIONS … THAT EACH REQUIRE TREATMENT BY SPECIALIZED COMPANIES  IT E-WASTE IS THE MOST HUNTED FOR Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Booming product sales & increasing functionality drive demand for (technology) metals Statistic Latin America cell phone User’s Million units Annual global sales of mobile phones 2000 Souce: Teleco 2012 (www.teleco.com.br) Source: after Gartner statistics (www.gartner.com) forecast 1800 1600 1º Brazil  262 million 1400 Accumulated global sales until 2010 1200 ~ 10 Billion units 2º México  101 million 1000 800 3º Argentina  59 million 600 400 470 Smart 4º Colombia  49 million 200 Phones 300 170 0 5º Venezuela  29 million 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Recent boom in demand for most technology metals Mine production since 1980 / since 1900 % mined in 1900-1980 100% 90% % mined in 1900-1980 80% 70% 60% % mined in 1980-2010 50% 40% % mined in 1980-2010 30% 20% 10% 0% Re Ga In Ru Pd Rh Ir REE Si Pt Ta Li Se Ni Co Ge Cu Bi Ag Au REE = Rare Earth Elements 18 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Low loadings per unit, but volume counts Example: Metal use in electronics Global sales, 2011 a+b) Urban mine a) Mobile phones b) PCs & laptops Mine production / share 1800 million units/ year 365 Million units/year ► ≈ 1000 mg Ag ≈ Ag: 23 500 t/a 3% X125 mgAg 225 t Ag X 365 t Ag ► X 25 mg Au ≈ X 200 mg Au ≈ Au: 2 800 t/a 4% 45 t Au 73 t Au ► 16% 4 mg Pd ≈ 80 mg Pd ≈ Pd: 230 t/a X 7 t Pd X 29 t Pd ► g Cu ≈ 16,000 t Cu X~ 500 g Cu ≈ 183,000 t Cu Cu: 16 Mt/a 1% X 9 1800 million Li-Ion batteries ► 20% Co: 98,000 t/a ~190 million Li-ion batteries g Co ≈ 12 350 t Co X 3.8 g Co ≈ X 65 6800 t Co Tiny metal content per piece  Significant total demand Other electronic devices add even more to these figures 19 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

and considering the CO 2 impact of primary metal production is huge … t CO 2 / t Au primary metal Pt Ru 10 000 CO2 impact of secondary Pd metal production is much ≈ lower for majority of metals 200 Ag In => incentive to stimulate recycling Sn ≈ Example: 70.000 tons of metals 10 produced by Umicore Hoboken in Co 2007 = 1 million tons of CO 2 savings vs primary metal production Cu 0 source: ecoinvent 2.0, EMPA/ETH-Zürich, 2007 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

UPMR  maximizing metal extraction from Urban mines Urban mining Primary mining  200 g/t Au, 80 g/t Pd & Cu, Sn,  ~ 5 g/t Au or PGM’s in ore Sb, … in PC boards  Low grade, high volume, fixed  2,000 g/t PGM in automotive location catalysts  High grade, million of units, globally spread Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Reducing CO 2 emission significantly Example: Umicore Precious Metals Refining , Hoboken/Belgium (UPMR): • recovered metals 2007*: 70,000 t • total CO 2 impact of UPMR in 2007*: 0.27 Mt • total CO 2 impact primary production**: 1.3 Mt ► CO 2 saving potential recycling*: 1.0 Mt *from treatment of 300,000 t of recyclables & smelter by-products. Output: 1000 t Ag, 30 t Au, 37 t PGM, 65 000 t Cu/Pb/Ni, 3500 t Sn/Se/Te/In/Sb/Bi/As **if these metals would have come from primary production, calculated with ecoinvent 2.0: the unavoidable “black box approach” of the UPMR calculation mixes the CO 2 impacts of very low grade materials (e.g. slags, flue dusts) with richer ones from recycling of consumer goods (e.g. circuit boards, catalysts) ► for recycling of electronics the CO 2 benefit compared to mining is even higher! Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Modern electronics make use of ~ 50% of elements from periodic table => a big consumer of natural resources Mobile phone composition mobile phone substance (Quelle Nokia) • Precious & special metals → „technology metals“, crucial for functionality • Key components: circuit boards, batteries, LCD screens Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

E-waste: structure of recycling chain typical numbers of participants (for industrial countries) Magnitude of losses in materials and value some 1.000 Collection (local) Entire EOL-devices Sorting/dismantling/component picking Not collected some 100 (local) Stripped equipment & components Mainly locally Some 10 Mechanical preprocessing Landfill, incineration (partly international) or other losses Circuit boards & highly complex materials Lost in sidestreams Complex metals ≈ 5 globally and wrong fractions Mainly refining (e.g. Au in Al-fraction) (3 in Europe) globally Transfer in slags or other sidestreams Large scale metallurgical & chemical technologies Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

Recycling chain Example: 10% x 90% x 80% x 95% = 7% *effective recovery rate for e.g. Au, Cu etc. from EOL-streams Recycled Dis- Pre- Materials WEEE Collection metals mantling processing recovery reuse Separated components & fractions Handling of final waste  Total efficiency is determined by the weakest step Consider the entire chain & its interdependencies Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013

How does the recycling chain often look like in reality in some countries? photo: EMPA/CH Or a gold recycling efficiency of: 95 % x 50 % x 25 % = 12 %* backyard recycling ► “low tech” − High losses, few metals recovered only dramatic environment & health impacts foto: EMPA/CH − Typical for most Asian - African countries – LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES? * Illustrative figures Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013