Web-Based Information Course Content Systems • Introduction • Perl & Cookies • Internet and WWW • SGML / XML Fall 2004 • Protocols • CORBA & SOAP • HTML and beyond • Web Services CMPUT 410: Internet and WWW • Animation & WWW • Search Engines • CGI & HTML Forms • Recommender Syst. Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane • Javascript • Web Mining • Databases & WWW • Security Issues • Dynamic Pages • Selected Topics Preliminaries University of Alberta Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 1 2 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta Objectives of Lecture 2 Outline of Lecture 2 Internet and WWW Internet and WWW • The Memex machine: the dream will come true • Get a brief overview of the history of the • Hypertext: linking new kinds of documents Internet and the different tools that exist on • The Internet: infallible information exchange the Internet; • The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era • Understand the distinction between the • Web-based applications Internet and the World-Wide Web. • Some terminology Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta 3 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta 4
Where is the memex? When Did It All Start? • Memex is a hypothetical machine. • In 1945, Vannevar Bush wrote an article • The information stored ought to be accessible. “As We May Think” describing a machine, Memex, containing human collective • We haven’t fulfilled the dream yet. knowledge organized with “trails” linking • But much has been achieved in 50 years. materials of the same topic. • The article revolutionized information technology before even the existence of modern computers. Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 5 6 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta Hypertext-Hyperlink-Hypermedia Outline of Lecture 2 • Following Memex idea, Ted Nelson developed • The Memex machine: the dream will come true the Xanadu project which aimed at placing the • Hypertext: linking new kinds of documents entire world’s literary corpus on-line. • The Internet: infallible information exchange • Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext in 1965. • The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era A document is not contiguous but is a set • Web-based applications of connected parts of documents. Hyperlinks are links that connect sub- • Some terminology documents. Hypermedia is a multimedia hypertext document, Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta 7 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta 8
ARPAnet Outline of Lecture 2 • In the heart of the cold war, ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) was created (1957). The purpose was to outrun the Russians in the race for mastering rocket launching. • The Memex machine: the dream will come true • In 1969, it was decided to link sensitive computer centres by a • Hypertext: linking new kinds of documents network in order to withstand a possible nuclear attack. The idea was to allow centres to communicate even after a centre is • The Internet: infallible information exchange destroyed. (Bob Taylor’s idea) • The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era • It connected government labs, major research centres and universities. • Web-based applications • It existed until 1988 and was officially dismantled in 1990. • Some terminology • Backbone Network speed: 64Kbits/second • Major achievements: – TCP/IP, Domain Name Service, e-mail (SMTP), FTP, Telnet... Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 9 10 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta NSFnet What about the Internet? • DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects • The Internet didn’t originate in the USA alone. Agency, still exists and the military have their own network but the original ARPAnet was integrated into • Other networks existed in North America and the current Internet. Europe and other places in the world. • The National Science Foundation in the USA funded the • BitNet, for instance, connected many research NSFnet which was created in 1985. centres and universities. • Backbone Network speed: T1 (1.5mb/sec.) to T3 (45mb/sec.) • Bridges connected these networks to create a • It originally connected 5 major universities with larger international network: the Internet. supercomputer centres, but rapidly included other • Late 90s: Internet2, funded by US universities, universities, research centres and private companies. • Replaced ARPAnet as the backbone of Internet in 1990 a sequel to NSFnet with new protocols. Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta 11 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta 12
CA net Explosive Growth Year Speed USA equivalent Ca net 1990 1.5 mb/s NSFnet Ca net 2 1997 155 Mb/s Internet2 Ca net 3 1999 2.5 Gb/s Internet2 Abilene & vBSN projects Canada committed $110 million for Ca net4, a10 Gb/s optical network connecting research institutions across Canada. Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 13 14 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta Internet Timeline Outline of Lecture 2 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1969 1974 1979 1982 1986 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 1995 • The Memex machine: the dream will come true ARPANET ARPANET Veronica Harvest Internet Internet Tax USENET NSF-Net ARPANET Java commissioned transition to phone Freedom Act created ceases to exist TCP/IP 1993 1995 Mosaic 1997 1972 1985 1988 1990 VRML • Hypertext: linking new kinds of documents by DoD TCP/IP 1999 1981 1992 Wireless ARPANET FTP IRC Archie Internet2 BITNET MBONE 1994 Internet access demonstration 1986 NGI and CSNET come 1991 E-commerce NNTP 1996 1998 1971 into being Gopher 1993 • The Internet: infallible information exchange AltaVista Clever 1999 FTP on NCP 1983 Crawlers 1994 1991 RSVP ARPANET splits Yahoo 1973 WAIS 1996 into ARPANET 1993 WebSQL 1998 First international 1994 and MILNET 1992 W3C • The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era Google connection UCSTRI WWW 1997 (UK+Norway) in CERN 1994 WebOQL 1991 1993 MLDB + Netfind Aliweb • Web-based applications WebQL 1 3 11 33 49 59 81 96 134 171 # countries 1969 1973 1989 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Year • Some terminology 4 62 213 1,961 313,000 1,486,000 6,642,000 36,739,000 # hosts 1969 1974 1981 1985 1990 1993 1995 1998 Year Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta 15 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta 16
Advent of the World-Wide Web The WWW is not alone • In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee developed a on-line hypertext- based system to help researchers at CERN in Switzerland share information across a diverse computer network. • There are other tools on the Internet. They could be classified as: • He came up with first versions of HTML (based on SGML) and the HTTP protocol. – Command Line . Ex: FTP (1971) • HTTP and HTML catapulted the Internet to new heights. – Menu-based . Ex: gopher (1991) • The WWW revolutionized the use of the Internet thanks – Search engine . Ex: WAIS (1991) to a multimedia user friendly interface: a web browser. – Hypermedia . Ex: WWW (1991) • Mosaic was developed in NCSA by students at the University of Illinois in 1993, among them Marc Andreessen who created Netscape in 1995. Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 17 18 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta Other Taxonomy of Internet Tools Outline of Lecture 2 • Communication services – E-mail, newsgroups (usenet), telnet, internet • The Memex machine: the dream will come true relay chat (IRC), … • Hypertext: linking new kinds of documents • Information storage and exchange • The Internet: infallible information exchange – FTP, Gopher, Alex, … • The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era • Information Indexing • Web-based applications – Archie, Veronica, Wais, UCSTRI, Whois, … • Some terminology • Interactive Multimedia information delivery – WWW and its indexes. Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001-2004 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta 19 Web-Based Information Systems University of Alberta 20
Recommend
More recommend
