Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility United States Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Introduction United States • Water Bottling Facility – Production Introduction Introduction – Warehouse Existing Mechanical System – Office Ground Coupled Heat Pump • Mid Atlantic Region Cost Analysis • 30 ft Ceiling Warehouse Emissions Analysis • 23 ft 6 in Draft Curtain Production Photovoltaic Design • 8 – 30 ft Ceiling Office Acoustical Design Conclusion Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Introduction United States Outdoor Design Conditions Indoor Design Conditions Storage, Introduction Introduction Conditioned Offices, QC Lab, Warehouse Maintenance Process & Parts Office & Packaging Summer Design Winter Design Existing Mechanical System & Mechanical Cooling (0.4%) Heating (99.6%) Cooling Set Point 85°F 72°F 95°F 95°F Ground Coupled Heat Pump OA Dry Bulb (°F) 88°F 5°F Heating Set Point 65°F 72°F 48°F 60°F OA Wet Bulb (°F) 72°F - Cost Analysis Relative - 45% - - Humidity Emissions Analysis Photovoltaic Design Acoustical Design Conclusion Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Existing Mechanical Systems United States • Heating Water System Max Cooling Cooling Dew Relative Min Heating Space Dry Bulb Point/Max Humidity Temperature – Only used for Manufacturing Purposes Introduction • Chilled Water System Warehouse 80°± 2°F 48°F/50°F - 60°F Existing Mechanical System Existing Mechanical System – 3 Ammonia Chillers Shipping Office 74°F - 45% 68°F Ground Coupled Heat Pump – 4 Cooling Towers Main Office 74°F - 45% 68°F Cost Analysis • Air Side Production 80°± 2°F 48°F/50°F - 60°F Emissions Analysis Maintenance 104°± 2°F - 45% 60°F – 5 Air Handing Units Photovoltaic Design – 17 VAV Terminal Units QC Lab 75°F 59°F/64°F - 68°F Acoustical Design – 8 Makeup Units H-3 Essence 80°± 2°F 48°F/50°F - 50°F Conclusion Mechanical 80°± 2°F 48°F/50°F - 60°F Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Existing Mechanical Systems United States Introduction Existing Mechanical System Existing Mechanical System Warehouse Shipping office Main Office Ground Coupled Heat Pump Cost Analysis Quality Control Production Area Maintenance Lab Emissions Analysis Mechanical Photovoltaic Design H-3 Essence Rooms Acoustical Design Conclusion Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Existing Mechanical System United States Monthly Cooling Load 5,000,000.00 Introduction Cooling Load (kBtu) 4,000,000.00 Existing Mechanical System Existing Mechanical System HVAC 26% 3,000,000.00 Ground Coupled Heat Pump Cost Analysis 2,000,000.00 Electrical Lighting Emissions Analysis Equipment 1,000,000.00 12% 62% Photovoltaic Design - Acoustical Design Conclusion Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Existing Mechanical System United States Electrical Cost by Use 800,000 Introduction 700,000 Existing Mechanical System Existing Mechanical System 600,000 Function Energy (kW) Total Energy (%) 500,000 Cost ($) Ground Coupled Heat Pump HVAC 27,354,233 28.1 400,000 HVAC Cost Analysis Lighting 12,686,111 12.1 300,000 Lighting Emissions Analysis 200,000 Electrical Equipment 64,583,837 61.7 Equipment 100,000 Photovoltaic Design - Acoustical Design Conclusion Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Ground Coupled Heat Pump United States • Vertical Layout • Pipe Sizing – Pros – 6” Diameter Bores Introduction • Less Space – 1” Diameter U -Tube Existing Mechanical System • Maintains Thermal Properties • Bore Fill Ground Coupled Heat Pump Ground Coupled Heat Pump of Ground – 15% Bentonite, 85% SiO 2 • Less Pipe Cost Analysis • Less Pump Energy Emissions Analysis – Cons Photovoltaic Design • Expensive Acoustical Design • Specialized equipment Conclusion Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Ground Coupled Heat Pump United States 𝑮 𝒕𝒅 Short-Circuit Heat Loss Factor 𝑸𝑴𝑮 𝒏 Part-Load Factor during Design Month 𝑀 𝑑 = 𝑟 𝑏 𝑆 𝑏 + 𝑟 𝑚𝑑 − 3.41𝑋 𝑆 𝑐 + 𝑄𝑀𝐺 𝑛 𝑆 𝑛 + 𝑆 𝑒 𝐺 Introduction 𝑑 𝑡𝑑 (1) 𝒓 𝒃 Net Annual Average Heat Transfer to Ground 𝑢 − 𝑢 𝑥𝑗 + 𝑢 𝑥𝑝 Existing Mechanical System − 𝑢 𝑞 2 𝒓 𝒎 Building Design Block Load Ground Coupled Heat Pump Ground Coupled Heat Pump 𝑺 𝒉𝒃 , 𝑺 𝒉𝒆 , 𝑺 𝒉𝒏 Effective Thermal Resistance of Ground Cost Analysis 𝑺 𝒄 Thermal Resistance of Bore 𝑀 ℎ = 𝑟 𝑏 𝑆 𝑏 + 𝑟 𝑚ℎ − 3.41𝑋 𝑆 𝑐 + 𝑄𝑀𝐺 𝑛 𝑆 𝑛 + 𝑆 𝑒 𝐺 ℎ 𝑡𝑑 Emissions Analysis (2) 𝑢 − 𝑢 𝑥𝑗 + 𝑢 𝑥𝑝 𝒖 𝒉 Undisturbed Ground Temperature − 𝑢 𝑞 Photovoltaic Design 2 𝒖 𝒒 Temperature Penalty for Interference of Adjacent Bores Acoustical Design 𝒖 𝒙𝒋 , 𝒖 𝒙𝒑 Liquid Temperature at Heat Pump Conclusion 𝑿 System Power Input at Design Load Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Ground Coupled Heat Pump United States • Short-Circuit Heat Loss Factor, 𝐺 • Undisturbed Ground Temperature, 𝑢 𝑡𝑑 – 1 bore/loop + 3 gpm/loop = 1.04 short-circuit heat loss factor Introduction • Part-Load Factor during Design Month, 𝑄𝑀𝐺 m Existing Mechanical System – Unknown therefore use maximum of 1.0 Ground Coupled Heat Pump Ground Coupled Heat Pump • Building Design Block Load, 𝑟 𝑚𝑑 (Cooling), 𝑟 𝑚ℎ (Heating) Cost Analysis Average Ground – Found using block load analysis, 6,125,519 Btu/hr & 0 Btu/hr Temperature Emissions Analysis • Net Annual Average Heat Transfer to Ground, 𝑟 𝑏 53° Photovoltaic Design – Difference between heating and cooling, 6,125,519 Btu/hr Acoustical Design Conclusion Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Ground Coupled Heat Pump United States • Effective Thermal Resistance of Ground, 𝑆 𝑏 (Annual), 𝑆 𝑒 (Daily), 𝑆 𝑛 (Monthly) Introduction – Calculate Fourier number Existing Mechanical System – Use table to find G-Factor Ground Coupled Heat Pump Ground Coupled Heat Pump – Calculate Thermal Resistance Cost Analysis Emissions Analysis Thermal Photovoltaic Design Fourier Dry Density Conductivity Diffusivity Time Pulse G-Factor Resistance Number Rock Type Acoustical Design (ft·h·°F/Btu) (lb/ft 3 ) (ft 2 /day) (Btu/h·ft·°F) Annual 67,716.6 0.94 0.211 Conclusion Limestone 150 to 175 1.4 to 2.2 0.9 to 1.4 Monthly 556.6 0.56 0.183 Average Value 162.5 1.8 1.15 Daily Peak 4.6 0.22 0.122 Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Ground Coupled Heat Pump United States • Thermal Resistance of Bore, 𝑆 𝑐 • Liquid Temperature at Heat Pump, 𝑢 𝑥𝑗 (Inlet), 𝑢 𝑥𝑝 – 15% Bentonite 85% SiO 2 , 0.10 Btu/h·ft·°F (Outlet) Introduction • Temperature Penalty for Interference of Adjacent Bores, – Inlet 20 to 30°F higher for heating, 10 to 20°F lower for cooling Existing Mechanical System 𝑢 𝑞 • 68°F Cooling Ground Coupled Heat Pump Ground Coupled Heat Pump • 38°F Heating – 20 ft spacing results in a penalty of 1.8°F Cost Analysis – Outlet 10°F increase from inlet • System Power Input at Design Load, 𝑋 𝑑 (Cooling), 𝑋 ℎ Emissions Analysis • 78°FCooling (Heating) • 48°F Heating Photovoltaic Design – Based on pump selection, 112,000 W Acoustical Design Conclusion Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
Mid-Atlantic Water Bottling Facility Ground Coupled Heat Pump United States Variable Cooling Value Heating Value Units 𝑮 𝒕𝒅 1.04 - 𝑸𝑴𝑮 𝒏 1.0 - Introduction 𝒓 𝒃 6,125,519 Btu/h 𝒓 𝒎 Existing Mechanical System 6,125,519 0 Btu/h 𝑺 𝒉𝒃 0.211 ft·h·°F/Btu Ground Coupled Heat Pump Ground Coupled Heat Pump 𝑺 𝒉𝒆 0.183 ft·h·°F/Btu Cost Analysis 𝑺 𝒉𝒏 0.122 ft·h·°F/Btu 𝑺 𝒄 0.10 ft·h·°F/Btu Emissions Analysis 𝒖 𝒉 53 °F Photovoltaic Design 𝒖 𝒒 1.8 °F 𝒖 𝒙𝒋 78 38 °F Acoustical Design 𝒖 𝒙𝒑 88 48 °F Conclusion 𝑿 112,000 112,000 W 𝑴 125,020 0 ft Mechanical Option | Spring 2013 Justyne Neborak Advised by Dr. William Bahnfleth
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