Volt VAR Optimization Use of Smart Inverters on High DG Penetration Circuits Presenters: Andrija Sadikovic, Rustom Dessai Jul 19, 2016 READ AND DELETE For best results with this template, use PowerPoint 2003
PG&E Company Overview • Regulated investor-owned utility Total Distributed Generation 1 = 2,716 MW • • 5.5 million electric customers PG&E System Peak Load 2 = 21,062 MW • • 70,000 sq. mile service territory Service Territory Distribution System 2 (1) As of 6/14/2016 (2) From 7/13/2013
Agenda 1. Background on PG&E’s Volt VAR Optimization Smart Grid Pilot Project 2. Exploration of how Smart Inverters can enhance VVO 3. VVO in support of DG hosting capacity 3
PG&E is 2 years into a 3 year VVO Pilot • Objective - evaluate VVO’s ability to: 1. Enhance grid monitoring & control 2. Accommodate growing distributed generation 3. Improve grid efficiency and reduce energy demand • Scope – lab test then field trial on 14 feeders • Varying DG penetration (ranging from 0% – 35%: nameplate / peak) • Four feeders with > 25% • Preliminary* energy reduction results to date from 12 feeders: Summer 2015 Fall 2015 Winter Spring 2016 Cumulative 2015/2016 0.2% 1.4% 1.6% 0.7% 1.1% • Summer/Fall 2015 Cumulative CVRf: 0.9 * Results will be refined through course of pilot as new data and analysis methods are introduced 4
DG Penetration Increases on VVO Circuits: 2013-2016 • Original VVO feeder selection analysis done near end of 2013 • Observed significant increases in DG penetration on VVO feeders in short span (<3 years) of pilot VVO Feeder DG Penetration Increases 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% A-1101 A-1102 A-1103 P-2101 P-2102 P-2103 B-1114 B-1115 B-1116 W-2104 W-2105 W-2106 D-1102 D-1104 DG / Peak Load 2013 DG / Peak Load 2016 5
Reverse power VVO vendor strategy progression Feeder Head MW Ride-through Disable VVO reverse power for any only for regs No strategy reverse power set to co-gen seen at LTC or mode; Disable regs 0 MW otherwise Line Regulator MW Caused Vendors not certain Works well for PG&E’s allowed out systems to of test trip regularly VVO circuits phase around so far 0 MW midday 6
Impact of Solar Generation on VVO M&V • When overlaying VVO on/off Real Power VVO On/Off Overlay days, significant duck curves found from variations in solar generation • Revised regression algorithm to Real Power (MW) include solar irradiance, as impact was significant compared to the amount of change trying to be measured by VVO (1-2%) • Resulted in 7 substation periods having lower energy savings, and 5 substation periods having higher energy savings than previous analysis • One bank’s results went from negative to positive energy Hour of Day savings after including solar irradiance effects 7
Lessons Learned: Feeder Screening • Found existing voltage unbalance on feeders during summer severely limited VVO functionality • New visibility through frequent AMI voltage readings can help weed out feeders that may have existing issues with voltage or voltage unbalance • As part of the VVO pilot, PG&E enabled 15 min / hourly voltage reads on 1 million meters to help inform future VVO feeder selection VVO VVO VVO VVO Summer 2015 On Disables On Disables 126 120 114 Aug 25 Aug 26 Aug 27 Aug 28 VVO VVO VVO VVO On Off On Off 126 Fall 2015 120 114 Sept 29 Sept 30 Oct 1 Oct 2 8
Agenda 1. Background on PG&E’s Volt Var Optimization Smart Grid Pilot Project 2. Exploration of how Smart Inverters can enhance VVO 3. VVO in support of DG hosting capacity 9
Exploring value of Smart Inverters in support of VVO • Modeling • How can VVO control of Smart Inverters improve VVO performance? • What value could VVO extract from “VARs at night”? • Lab Testing (in progress) • What “VVO friendly” power factor and Volt -VAR settings deliver safe “no fight” conditions in the field • Field Trial (starts in August 2016) Collaborate with 3 rd party installers to: • Sign up customers to participate in the pilot and install Smart Inverters by Q3 2016 Remote Smart Inverter control by adjusting Fixed Power Factor and Volt- VAR settings in accordance to VVO use cases 10
Dinuba 1104 studied due to challenging voltage control conditions Complex with concentrated DG • > 100 circuit miles • 5 line voltage regulators • 23% DG penetration 1 • Three large DGs : 2 x 1 MW, 1 x 0.7 MW VVO Go Live in Jan 2016 drove interest in predicting performance Dinuba Sub Dinuba Large DG (1) Measured as DG capacity / feeder peak load. At time study began, additional DG connection has raised penetration to 40% as of June 2016 11
Explored different control methods and DG levels • Case 1: No VVO • Case 2: VVO controls VRs and Caps, PV-DG operates at constant power factor (typically unity) • Case 3: VVO controls VRs, Caps, and DG smart inverter power factor (either 0.95 leading, zero, 0.95 lagging) Modeled Existing to 4x DG Penetration Modeled Sunny through Cloudy Conditions Cloud index 0 No DG Existing 2x Cloud index 4 3x 4x Cloud index 8 6 AM – 9 PM 12
Dinuba 1104: Quasi Time Series Analysis Results Case 2: Traditional VVO Charts below show comparison of VVO savings metrics Case 1 (No VVO) at varying DG penetration levels Case 3: VVO plus SI p.f. control Energy Delivery Savings Energy Reduction (MWh) Line Loss Reduction 10% 4.0 15% 8% 12% 3.0 6% 9% 2.0 Daytime 4% 6% (8 am – 6 pm) 1.0 2% 3% 0% 0.0 0% 23% 47% 70% 94% 23% 47% 70% 94% 23% 47% 70% 94% DG Penetration 10% 15% 4.0 8% 12% 3.0 6% 9% 2.0 4% 6% VARs at Night 1.0 2% 3% 0% 0.0 0% 23% 45% 68% 91% 23% 45% 68% 91% 23% 45% 68% 91% *Results should be deemed as preliminary regarding potential VVO benefits and specific to the feeder studied. It is recommended that further analyses be conducted for a larger sample of feeders with varying topologies, voltage levels, customer densities, customer types, etc. 13
DG as Part of VVO – Technical Analysis Results Case 3 (with control of SI) delivers better voltage control 14
Agenda 1. Background on PG&E’s Volt Var Optimization Smart Grid Pilot Project 2. Exploration of how Smart Inverters can enhance VVO 3. VVO in support of DG hosting capacity 15
DG as Part of VVO – Technical Analysis Results VVO (no control of SI) could increase the hosting capacity 16
Next Steps VVO Pilot Smart Inverter Field Trial • Adjust Smart Inverter p.f. and Volt-Var settings to evaluate impact to VVO performance Follow technology and regulatory development to automate use of Smart Inverters GRID of THINGS • DERMS pilot in late 2016 • Follow ADMS / VVO / DERMS technology developments • California Distributed Resources Plan – locational value of Smart Inverters 17
Volt VAR Optimization Use of Smart Inverters on High DG Penetration Circuits Andrija Sadikovic Rustom Dessai, PE a7sw@pge.com r1dp@pge.com READ AND DELETE For best results with this template, use PowerPoint 2003 18
Questions? 19
Recommend
More recommend
