Vertical farming: a revolution in food production enabled by LED - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Vertical farming: a revolution in food production enabled by LED lighting Dr. Céline Nicole Philips Lighting Research Vertical Farming Conference - Venlo - 28 June 2017 1 November 01, 2013 _Sector Confidential

Global Challenges Vertical Farming Solutions Growing Population Extremely efficient farming, high yield Urbanization Efficient use of space Availability of >90% reduction in Water water use Food safety No Pesticides, No Pollution Food accessibility Grown Locally 2 March 2, 2015 Philips Horticulture LED Solutions / City Farming

Plant condition is more than lighting CO 2 Nutrients Irrigation Climate Lighting • Fresh air • Water • Temperature • For optimal • Air flow • Manual/ (changes) photosynthesis Automatic 3 Confidential

Content GrowWise Research center  Recap plant – light interaction Eindhoven  Coloration  Health  Taste  Shelf life 4 Philips Lighting Research

Plant – light interaction 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O +  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2  Energy : Photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration  Information : Plant development, flowering, shape, coloration… 5

Content  Recap plant – light interaction  Coloration  Health  Taste  Shelf life 6

Quality versus Yield Lettuce from Rijk Zwaan b.v. Lollo rosso Red Salanova Red Oak 7 Philips Lighting Research

Coloration Anthocyanin Research hypothesis:  Temperature stress  Light stress : Blue – UV  Light signaling : Far-red Color analysis 8 Philips Lighting Research

Coloration Results Dynamic light recipe strategy is best for high yield and good coloration of lettuce 9 Philips Lighting Research

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Content  Recap plant – light interaction  Coloration  Health  Taste  Shelf life 11

Nitrate • Leafy vegetables such as lettuces and spinach are high in Nitrate. • Health concern. • EU regulation + Retail requirements Research hypothesis: – Nitrate accumulation = low light level – Optimized photosynthesis light spectrum – Minimize nitrate in irrigation – Pre-harvest light recipe to accelerate nitrate reductase 12 Philips Lighting Research

Nitrate control in Spinach Effect of day light integral and spectrum EU reg. 13 Philips Lighting Research

Nitrate control in Arugula (rocket) Effect of day light integral and spectrum EU reg: 6000 mg/kg 4000 A 3500 B 3000 Nitrate C 2500 2000 1500 D 1000 500 0 Medium W Low Medium High 14 Philips Lighting Research

Vitamin C Arugula (rocket) Effect of day light integral and light quality Vitamin C (mg/kg) A 1000 B C D 800 600 400 200 USDA standard 0 Medium W Low Medium High 15 Philips Lighting Research

Vitamin C tomatoes When grown in the greenhouse, tomato fruit typically have low levels of vitamin C. Light is the major regulatory of plants vitamin C content. Increases of more than 30 % is observed after illuminating the detached fruits with LED lighting. N Ntagkas etal , Acta horticulturae 1134(1134):351-356 · May 2016 16 Philips Lighting Research

Content  Recap plant – light interaction  Coloration  Health  Taste  Shelf life 17

Taste Basic sugars, acids and volatiles Research hypothesis:  Light influences the production of secondary metabolites/volatiles  UVB accelerate volatiles biosynthesis 18 Philips Lighting Research

Volatiles • Taste is a matter of cultivar but also light 1.20 LED recipe White light 1.00 VOCs concentration (ppm g-1) 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 Emily Marian Rosie Edwina Eowyn Cultivar 19 Philips Lighting Research

Taste of Arugula (rocket) Significant taste perception differences were observed with Arugula grown under different light qualities. Sweetness L1 L2 L3 L4 Flavour Bitterness 20 Philips Lighting Research

Content  Recap plant – light interaction  Coloration  Health  Taste  Shelf life 21

Lettuce shelf life Shelf life test are being done at the moment and are showing some differences depending on climate, pre-harvest conditions, climate and light condition at harvest and post-harvest handling. Light level before harvest is very important for shelf life and overall visual quality. High Medium Low 22 Philips Lighting Research

Conclusions  Vertical farming enables control of all the growth parameters  Yield, Quality and Nutrient are controlled this is a revolution in food production Eating fresh, locally grown, healthy vegetables, pesticides free, all year long will transform the food chain and impact human health 23

WUR/Maastricht/HAS Philips Lighting Horticulture Jarno Mooren Stefan van der Voort Ana Terra Thijs van den Bergh Dorthe Larsen Andris Stuks Iris van der Sterren Roel Janssen Joris Huskens Ellis Janssen-van Boxtel Filippos Charalambous Blake Lange Nikos Ntagkas Danielle Smits-van Tuijl Pascal van Megen Gus van der Feltz Prof. Leo Marcelis Prof. Ernst Woltering Prof. Wim van Ieperen Dr. J. Verdonk Breeders Dr. F. Troost Rijk Zwaan Thank You Enza Zaden 24 November 01, 2013 _Sector Confidential