Urban Sound Symposium April 4, 2019 – Ghent University, Belgium Urban Low Barriers Jérôme Defrance jerome.defrance@cstb.fr
Outline Forewords Theoretical performance In situ assessment Holistic approach Perspectives Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 2
Outline Forewords Theoretical performance In situ assessment Holistic approach Perspectives Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 3
Forewords: Not forgetting my colleagues… …who participated in research on low barriers: Marine Faouzi Julien Philippe Alexandre Baulac Koussa Maillard Jean Jolibois 2010… ☺ Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 4
Forewords: 15 years of research on low barriers RÉMUS IMPACT Decision Support Tool Freight Trains Barriers Fr Ademe Fr Ademe w/ SNCF CNEA-U ALPNAP HOSANNA In-Situ Assessment Air/Noise Pollution NBS applied to NR Fr Ademe + Standard Interreg Alpine Space EU FP7 2005 2010 2015 2020 Hybrid ing. models NR by natural means M. Kamrath’s PhD F. Koussa’s PhD Tramways low barriers Multicriteria optimisations M. Baulac’s PhD A. Jolibois ’ PhD Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 5
Forewords: motivation Low barriers adapted to some ground transportation modes … But in some specific situations! Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 6
Forewords: physical principles Diffraction loss Transmission loss: less crucial than classical barriers Frequency Insertion Loss dB dependence Freq Hz Baulac M, Defrance J, Jean P, Minard F , Efficiency of low height noise protections in urban areas: Predictions and scale model measurements , Acta Acustica 92(4), 530-539 (2006) Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 7
Forewords: Methodology Noise abatement referred to untreated situation or straight barrier Receiver(s)’s location Choice of tools: o Numerical (Boundary Element Method…) o Scale model measurements (TDS, spark…) o In situ measurements (pass- by, LS…) Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 8
Outline Forewords Theoretical performance In situ assessment Holistic approach Perspectives Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 9
Theoretical performance Tramway – Vegetated low barriers (HOSANNA Project) Left Right Zone 2 Left Right Low Barrier (0.4mx1m): Vegetation substrate M1 M2 M3 Zone 1 with inner rigid core No building Street Canyon Configuration Pedestrian Zone 1 Zone 2 Configuration M1 M2 M3 Left B 2.7 10.3 3.5 Left B 5.6 7.8 9.0 16.7 21.3 14.2 15.6 15.8 15.9 Left AB Left AB 17.1 20.4 17.8 16.9 17.0 17.2 Right B Right B Right AB 16.7 19.9 17.6 Right AB 18.7 20.3 22.6 L+R B 7.9 13.4 6.6 L+R B 10.0 11.2 12.1 +7/9 dBA +6/7 dBA 16.7 20.4 15.7 17.5 18.0 18.6 L+R AB L+R AB No building Street canyon Defrance J, Jean P, Acoustical performance of innovative vegetated barriers , InterNoise 2013, Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance Innsbruck (15-18 Sept 2013) / HOSANNA Project 10
Theoretical performance Lightweight vegetated barriers at bridges Tramway (HOSANNA Project) dB distance ― rigid barrier ― absorbing barrier (Vegetation substrate with inner rigid core) 4-lane road Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 11
Theoretical performance More complex shapes Low earth berms Best shapes: 1, 5, 6 IL = 6-10 dB(A) Worst shapes : 2, 4 Low gabions R1 nb2 Sonic crystal assisted Rigid cylinders: IL → 8 dB(A) Absorbing cylinders: IL → 15 dB(A) Defrance J, Jean P, Koussa F, Van Renterghem T, Kang J, Smyrnova Y , Innovative barriers, Chapter 2 of Environmental Methods for Transport Noise Reduction (HOSANNA handbook), ISBN : 978-0-415-67523-9, 2015 Koussa F, Defrance J, Jean P, Blanc-Benon P, Acoustic performance of gabions noise barriers: numerical and experimental approaches , Applied Acoustics 74(1), 189 – 197 (2013) Koussa F, Defrance J, Jean P, Blanc-Benon P , Acoustical efficiency of a sonic crystal assisted noise barrier , Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance Acta Acustica united with Acustica 99(3), 399-409 (2013) 12
Outline Forewords Theoretical performance In situ assessment Holistic approach Perspectives Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 13
In situ assessment Low vegetated barrier (no inner core) o Build in the city center of Lyon (HOSANNA Project) – 0.4mx1mx14m IL ≈ 5 dB(A) d B-R = 3 m h R = 1.2 m R ådsten-Ekman M, Vincent B, Anselme C, Mandon A, Rohr R, Defrance J, Van Maercke D, Botteldooren D, Nilsson ME , Case-study evaluation of a low and vegetated noise barrier in an urban public space , InterNoise 2011 Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 14
In situ assessment Low gamma-shaped 12 dB(A) d B-R = 3 m h R = 1.5 m 6 dB(A) Jolibois A, Defrance J, Koreneff H, Jean P, Duhamel D, Sparrow V , In situ measurement of the acoustic performance of a full scale tramway low height noise barrier prototype , Applied Acoustics 94, 57 – 68 (2015) Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 15
In situ assessment First draft of a standard method derived from EN 1793-4,5,6 o Loudspeakers and mics, IR measurement and windowing o Insertion Loss o S/R > R/S reciprocity o Use of a “reflector” (tramway) Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 16
In situ assessment Arrangement (laboratory or in situ) Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 17
In situ assessment First results on 3 manufactured prototypes (1.15 m high) No reflector 14.3 ± 1.0 14.7 ± 1.5 14.0 ± 2.0 With reflector IL avg : μ ± σ [dB] 13.5 ± 1.3 13.3 ± 1.5 12.0 Jolibois A, Defrance J , Advances regarding a new method for measuring the in situ noise abatement performance of urban noise reducing devices , Acoustics'17, Boston, USA (28 June 2017) Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 18
Outline Forewords Theoretical performance In situ assessment Holistic approach Perspectives Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 19
Holistic approach Example #1: Renewal of Place de la Nation Project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3d0-kgnM6OI Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 20
Holistic approach Example #2: RÉMUS Project (Ademe) Typologies and scenarios Simulations - A/U/R indicators - Audio sequences Interactive Guide http://ecran-urbain.cstb.fr Assessment Defrance J, Maillard J, Laforgue J-D, Bouakil S, Brunet B , Outil d’aide à la décision pour la réalisation de mobiliers urbains acoustiques (Projet RÉMUS) , Congrès Français d’Acoustique, Le Havre, 23-27 avril 2018 Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 21
Holistic approach Example #2: RÉMUS Project (Ademe) Acoustical indicators o LA eq (rec and maps), gain, L10, %Time LA eq,1s <60, >70 dB(A) o Audio sequences at several positions (w/ wo/ low barriers) UbEnv UbMob UbUsa UbGest Urban indicators + - + 0 o 3-value scale: + favorable ; – difficult to adapt ; 0 to be supported o UbEnv : Urban integration / UbMob : Users’ mobility UbUsa : Use development / UbGest: Management and degradation Road indicators o 3-value scale for performance: Basic, high, very high o Users’ security / Users’ specificities / Allowance optimisation Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 22
Holistic approach Example #2: RÉMUS Project (Ademe) http://ecran-urbain.cstb.fr (with Chrome or Firefox only!) (and in French only ☺ ) Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 23
Outline Forewords Theoretical performance In situ assessment Holistic approach Perspectives Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 24
Concluding remarks & Perspectives Low barriers?... Efficient in some situations, not adapted to others… Just a piece of the puzzle Noise abatement in the range 5- 15 dB(A): not too bad… Addition of extra inter-lane low barriers significant Low barriers at edge of bridges/embankments promising Urban and road indicators to be taken into account Perceptive approach shown to be an efficient tool Ongoing work on development of in situ methodology Good meas. performance overall, good reproducibility Next step: in situ experiment in Nice this year… Van Renterghem T, Forssén J, Attenborough K, Jean Ph, Defrance J, Hornikx M, Kang J, Using natural means to reduce surface transport noise during propagation outdoors , Applied Acoustics 92, 86-101 (2015) Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance 25
Merci pour votre attention
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