Anecdotal Examples Experiment Result [1] They removed a DNSSEC menu We saw the DNSKEY deployed (but [2] “ Most people do not understand DNS, not DS records) so asked why you so imagine the white faces when I mention don’t upload DS records. DNSSEC ” We asked a registrar to upload a DS It was installed successfully record by email from the different email address than the one that registered We asked a registrar to upload a DS record to our domain via web live chat 10
Anecdotal Examples Experiment Result [1] They removed a DNSSEC menu We saw the DNSKEY deployed (but [2] “ Most people do not understand DNS, not DS records) so asked why you so imagine the white faces when I mention don’t upload DS records. DNSSEC ” We asked a registrar to upload a DS It was installed successfully record by email from the different email address than the one that registered It was installed on someone else’s We asked a registrar to upload a DS domain due to a mistake by the record to our domain via web live customer service agent chat 10
Details of the Last Example 11
Details of the Last Example 3:45:32 PM tijay hg-dnssec.com 3600 IN DS 2371 13 2 129f34c04ac58ece5218b9894148304a736a63757f58ff0cddd9b8df4989 11
Details of the Last Example 3:45:32 PM tijay hg-dnssec.com 3600 IN DS 2371 13 2 129f34c04ac58ece5218b9894148304a736a63757f58ff0cddd9b8df4989 3:56:05 PM Jeniffer S Awesome! one moment 11
Details of the Last Example 3:45:32 PM tijay hg-dnssec.com 3600 IN DS 2371 13 2 129f34c04ac58ece5218b9894148304a736a63757f58ff0cddd9b8df4989 3:56:05 PM Jeniffer S Awesome! one moment 3:56:09 PM Jeniffer S I have now save the request information! Manage DNSSEC paananenmusic.com Record added successfully. It can take 4-8 hours for DNS to propagate 11
Details of the Last Example 3:45:32 PM tijay hg-dnssec.com 3600 IN DS 2371 13 2 129f34c04ac58ece5218b9894148304a736a63757f58ff0cddd9b8df4989 3:56:05 PM Jeniffer S Awesome! one moment 3:56:09 PM Jeniffer S I have now save the request information! Manage DNSSEC paananenmusic.com Record added successfully. It can take 4-8 hours for DNS to propagate 3:57:19 PM tijay paananenmusic.com? 3:57:28 PM tijay my domain is hg-dnssec.com? 11
Details of the Last Example 3:45:32 PM tijay hg-dnssec.com 3600 IN DS 2371 13 2 129f34c04ac58ece5218b9894148304a736a63757f58ff0cddd9b8df4989 3:56:05 PM Jeniffer S Awesome! one moment 3:56:09 PM Jeniffer S I have now save the request information! Manage DNSSEC paananenmusic.com Record added successfully. It can take 4-8 hours for DNS to propagate 3:57:19 PM tijay paananenmusic.com? 3:57:28 PM tijay my domain is hg-dnssec.com? 3:58:41 PM Jeniffer S I apologize, you are right, silly me, one moment 11
Open Question
Open Question Why is so hard to deploy DNSSEC?
Open Question Why is so hard to deploy DNSSEC? ? ? How does registrar policy impact the deployment?
Outline Why is so hard to deploy DNSSEC?
Outline Why is so hard to deploy DNSSEC? Popular registrar with lots of (1) domains and (2) DNSSEC-enabled domains
Checking Registrar’s DNSSEC Policy Registrar Supports Registrar DNSSEC? DNS Operator 14
Checking Registrar’s DNSSEC Policy Registrar Supports Registrar DNSSEC? DNS Operator Registrar Owner Supports DNS Operator DS upload? 14
Checking Registrar’s DNSSEC Policy Registrar Supports Registrar DNSSEC? DNS Operator Registrar Owner Supports DNS Operator DS upload? Registrar Validates DS record? 14
Popular Registrar’s DNSSEC Policy Registrar Supports DNSSEC? Registrar Supports DS upload? Registrar Validates DS record? 15
Popular Registrar’s DNSSEC Policy Registrar Registrar Supports GoDaddy (domaincontrol.com) DNSSEC? NameCheap (registrar-servers.com) OVH (ovh.net) HostGator (hostgator.com) Registrar Amazon (aws-dns) Supports DS upload? Google (googledomains.com) 123-reg (123-reg.co.uk) RightSide (name.com) eNom (name-services.com) Registrar NameBright (namebrightdns.com) Validates DS record? DreamHost (dreamhost.com) The others (10 registrars) 15
Popular Registrar’s DNSSEC Policy Registrar Registrar Supports GoDaddy (domaincontrol.com) DNSSEC? NameCheap (registrar-servers.com) OVH (ovh.net) HostGator (hostgator.com) Registrar Amazon (aws-dns) Supports DS upload? Google (googledomains.com) 123-reg (123-reg.co.uk) RightSide (name.com) eNom (name-services.com) Registrar NameBright (namebrightdns.com) Validates DS record? DreamHost (dreamhost.com) The others (10 registrars) 15
Popular Registrar’s DNSSEC Policy Registrar 2.5/20 Registrar DNS Registrar Operator Supports GoDaddy (domaincontrol.com) DNSSEC? NameCheap (registrar-servers.com) OVH (ovh.net) HostGator (hostgator.com) Registrar Amazon (aws-dns) Supports DS upload? Google (googledomains.com) 123-reg (123-reg.co.uk) RightSide (name.com) eNom (name-services.com) Registrar NameBright (namebrightdns.com) Validates DS record? DreamHost (dreamhost.com) The others (10 registrars) Some nameservers don’t support DNSSEC 15
Popular Registrar’s DNSSEC Policy Owner DNS Operator 2.5/20 Registrar DS Upload Registrar Web Email Supports — GoDaddy (domaincontrol.com) DNSSEC? — NameCheap (registrar-servers.com) — OVH (ovh.net) 11/20 — HostGator (hostgator.com) Registrar — Amazon (aws-dns) Supports — DS upload? Google (googledomains.com) — 123-reg (123-reg.co.uk) — RightSide (name.com) eNom (name-services.com) Registrar NameBright (namebrightdns.com) Validates DS record? DreamHost (dreamhost.com) The others (10 registrars) 16
Popular Registrar’s DNSSEC Policy Owner DNS Operator 2.5/20 DS Registrar DS Upload Validation Registrar Web Email Supports — GoDaddy (domaincontrol.com) DNSSEC? — NameCheap (registrar-servers.com) — OVH (ovh.net) 11/20 — HostGator (hostgator.com) Registrar — Amazon (aws-dns) Supports — DS upload? Google (googledomains.com) — 123-reg (123-reg.co.uk) — RightSide (name.com) 2/20 eNom (name-services.com) Registrar NameBright (namebrightdns.com) Validates DS record? DreamHost (dreamhost.com) The others (10 registrars) 17
Popular Registrar DNS Operator # of Registrar Registrar 2.5/20 Support DNSSEC? Owner 11/20 Check DS Owner 2/11 Validation Registrar DNSSEC Support for popular registrars is quite poor Each registrar has different policy for supporting DNSSEC. 18
Popular DNSSEC Support Registrars Registrar Registrar Supports OVH (ovh.net) DNSSEC? Loopia (loopia.se) DomainNameShop (hyp.net) TransIP (transip.net) Registrar MeshDigital (domainmonster.com) Supports OVH (anycast.me) DS upload? TransIP (transip.nl) Binero (binero.se) KPN (is.nl) Registrar PCExtreme (pcextreme.nl) Validates Antagonist (webhostingserver.nl) DS record? NameCheap (registrar-servers.com) 19
Registrar DNS Operator Registrar DNS Operator 10/12 Registrar DNSSEC Publish DS Registrar Default Records? Supports OVH (ovh.net) DNSSEC? Loopia (loopia.se) DomainNameShop (hyp.net) TransIP (transip.net) Registrar MeshDigital (domainmonster.com) Supports OVH (anycast.me) DS upload? TransIP (transip.nl) Binero (binero.se) KPN (is.nl) Registrar PCExtreme (pcextreme.nl) Validates Antagonist (webhostingserver.nl) DS record? NameCheap (registrar-servers.com) Selective support 20
Owner DNS Operator 10/12 Registrar Registrar Supports OVH (ovh.net) DNSSEC? Loopia (loopia.se) DomainNameShop (hyp.net) TransIP (transip.net) Registrar MeshDigital (domainmonster.com) Supports OVH (anycast.me) DS upload? TransIP (transip.nl) Binero (binero.se) KPN (is.nl) Registrar PCExtreme (pcextreme.nl) Validates Antagonist (webhostingserver.nl) DS record? NameCheap (registrar-servers.com)
Owner DNS Operator Owner DNS 10/12 Operator Registrar Registrar DS Upload Supports OVH (ovh.net) DNSSEC? Loopia (loopia.se) DomainNameShop (hyp.net) 10/12 TransIP (transip.net) Registrar MeshDigital (domainmonster.com) Supports OVH (anycast.me) DS upload? TransIP (transip.nl) Binero (binero.se) KPN (is.nl) Registrar PCExtreme (pcextreme.nl) Validates Antagonist (webhostingserver.nl) DS record? NameCheap (registrar-servers.com)
DS Validation Owner DNS 10/12 DS Operator Registrar Validation Registrar DS Upload Supports OVH (ovh.net) DNSSEC? Loopia (loopia.se) DomainNameShop (hyp.net) 10/12 TransIP (transip.net) Registrar MeshDigital (domainmonster.com) Supports OVH (anycast.me) DS upload? TransIP (transip.nl) Binero (binero.se) 2/12 — KPN (is.nl) Registrar PCExtreme (pcextreme.nl) Validates Antagonist (webhostingserver.nl) — DS record? NameCheap (registrar-servers.com) Fetches a DNSKEY from the nameserver 22
Other Security Issues Owner DNS DS Upload 10/12 DS Operator Registrar Validation Registrar DS Upload Web Email Supports — OVH (ovh.net) DNSSEC? Loopia (loopia.se) — DomainNameShop (hyp.net) 10/12 — TransIP (transip.net) Registrar MeshDigital (domainmonster.com) Supports — OVH (anycast.me) DS upload? — TransIP (transip.nl) Binero (binero.se) 2/12 — KPN (is.nl) Registrar PCExtreme (pcextreme.nl) Validates Antagonist (webhostingserver.nl) — DS record? — NameCheap (registrar-servers.com) 23
Other Security Issues Owner DNS DS Upload 10/12 DS Operator Registrar Validation Registrar DS Upload Web Email Supports — OVH (ovh.net) DNSSEC? Loopia (loopia.se) — DomainNameShop (hyp.net) 10/12 — TransIP (transip.net) Registrar MeshDigital (domainmonster.com) Supports — OVH (anycast.me) DS upload? — TransIP (transip.nl) Binero (binero.se) 2/12 — KPN (is.nl) Registrar PCExtreme (pcextreme.nl) Validates Antagonist (webhostingserver.nl) — DS record? — NameCheap (registrar-servers.com) 23
Outline Why is DNSSEC deployment so rare? ? ? How does a registrar policy impact the deployment?
Outline Why is DNSSEC deployment so rare? ? ? How does a registrar policy impact the deployment? We need historical dataset
Dataset Domains Measurement Period TLD (Daily Scan) Percent w/ Total DNSKEY .com 2015/03/01 ~ 2016/12/31 118,147,199 0.7% .net 2015/03/01 ~ 2016/12/31 13,773,903 1.0% .org 2015/03/01 ~ 2016/12/31 9,682,750 1.1% .nl 2016/02/09 ~ 2016/12/31 5,674,208 51.6% .se 2016-06-07 ~ 2016/12/31 1,388,372 46.7% 25
Dataset Domains Measurement Period TLD (Daily Scan) Percent w/ Total DNSKEY .com 2015/03/01 ~ 2016/12/31 118,147,199 0.7% .net 2015/03/01 ~ 2016/12/31 13,773,903 1.0% .org 2015/03/01 ~ 2016/12/31 9,682,750 1.1% .nl 2016/02/09 ~ 2016/12/31 5,674,208 51.6% .se 2016-06-07 ~ 2016/12/31 1,388,372 46.7% Over 750 billion DNS Records 25
[1] Registry: Financial Incentive 100 .com 80 .net .org .se 60 with DNSKEY and DS record .nl .nl measurement 40 begins here Percent of domains 20 KPN KPN (*.is.nl) 0 100 .com 80 .net .org 60 .se .nl 40 .se measurement 20 begins here Loopia Loopia (*.loopia.se) 0 05/15 08/15 11/15 02/16 05/16 08/16 11/16 Date 26
[1] Registry: Financial Incentive 100 .com 80 .net .org .se 60 with DNSKEY and DS record .nl .nl measurement 40 begins here Percent of domains 20 KPN KPN (*.is.nl) 0 100 .com 80 .net .org 60 .se .nl 40 .se measurement 20 begins here Loopia Loopia (*.loopia.se) 0 05/15 08/15 11/15 02/16 05/16 08/16 11/16 Date 26
[1] Registry: Financial Incentive 100 .com 80 .net .org .se 60 with DNSKEY and DS record .nl .nl measurement 40 begins here Percent of domains 20 KPN KPN (*.is.nl) 0 100 .com 80 .net .org 60 .se .nl 40 .se measurement 20 begins here Loopia Loopia (*.loopia.se) 0 05/15 08/15 11/15 02/16 05/16 08/16 11/16 Date 26
[1] Registry: Financial Incentive 100 .com 80 .net .org .se 60 with DNSKEY and DS record .nl .nl measurement 40 begins here Percent of domains 20 KPN KPN (*.is.nl) 0 100 .com 80 .net .org 60 .se .nl 40 .se measurement 20 begins here Loopia Loopia (*.loopia.se) 0 05/15 08/15 11/15 02/16 05/16 08/16 11/16 Date 26
[1] Registry: Financial Incentive 100 .com 80 .net .org .se 60 with DNSKEY and DS record .nl .nl measurement 40 begins here Percent of domains 20 KPN KPN (*.is.nl) 0 100 .com 80 .net .org 60 .se .nl 40 .se measurement 20 begins here Loopia Loopia (*.loopia.se) 0 05/15 08/15 11/15 02/16 05/16 08/16 11/16 Date 26
[1] Registry: Financial Incentive 100 .com 80 .net .org .se 60 with DNSKEY and DS record .nl .nl measurement 40 begins here Percent of domains 20 KPN KPN (*.is.nl) 0 100 .com 80 .net .org 60 .se .nl 40 .se measurement 20 begins here Loopia Loopia (*.loopia.se) 0 05/15 08/15 11/15 02/16 05/16 08/16 11/16 Date Financial gain is a huge incentive Financial for deploying DNSSEC Incentive 26
[2] Registrar: Free vs. Paid Percent of domains with 30 25 DS record 20 OVH 15 GoDaddy 10 5 0 05/15 08/15 11/15 02/16 05/16 08/16 11/16 Date 27
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