Aerial Experimentation and Research Platform for Advanced Wireless https://aerpaw.org UAS Testbed Architecture for 3D Mobility Research using Advanced Wireless Technology Vuk Marojevic, Ismail Guvenc, Rudra Dutta, Mihail Sichitiu, Jeffrey Reed aerpaw-contact@ncsu.edu
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Urban Air Mobility Uber Elevate Zipline emergency medical delivery in NC: http://insideunmannedsystems.com/integration- pilot-program-real-world-drone-delivery/ Urban Air Mobility 2
UAS Providing Advanced Wireless Service Hot-spot wireless • access Post-disaster • communications Search and rescue • Situational awareness • Jammer detection • Detection and tracking • of unauthorized UAS 3
https://advancedwireless.org/ 4
Outline ➔ AERPAW Team and Objective ➔ AERPAW Radios and Platforms ➔ Experiment Flow ➔ Research Examples 5
Mission Serve as a unique technological enabler for research in advanced wireless with UAS 6
AERPAW: Aerial Experimentation and AERPAW Team Research Platform for Advanced Wireless Smart Ag IoT NC Incubation Site (Purdue) AERPAW Site Wireless Waveform & Security and Propagation SDR Incubation Incubation Site Site (MSU) (USC) Incubation site: develop unique testbed capabilities subsequently deployed at main sites to support corresponding experiments 8
AERPAW Investigator Team & Academic Partners Ismail Guvenc Rudra Dutta Mihail Sichitiu Brian Floyd Vuk Marojevic Tom Zajkowski NC State (SDN, NC State (drones, PI, NC State (SDRs, 4G/ NC State (mmW MSU (security, SDRs, NC State (UAS, FAA architecture) architecture) waveforms, outreach) 5G standards, PHY/MAC) circuits, arrays) permitting) … Robert Moorhead Gerard Hayes David Matolak David Love Jeffrey Reed MSU (drones, FAA NC State, WRC USC (propagation, Purdue (MIMO, VT (lead user, ASSURE, visualization) (wireless and testing) waveforms) SDRs, agriculture) SDRs, 5G) 10
Partnerships and Users PARTNERS USERS 11
AERPAW: At the Crossroad of Advanced Wireless and UAS Research ➔ 5G is unleashing new, transformative applications and services: ◆ Driverless cars ◆ Virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) ◆ Internet of things (IoT) ◆ Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) 12
FAA NAS Advanced Wireless for Report Autonomous and BVLOS UAS Operations NASA UTM Project (BVLOS) NASA UTM Image source: Ericsson 13
AERPAW: Applications and Use Cases Example UAS/Balloon Ad LTE/5G 3D UAS Partner: hoc Networks Connectivity and Carolina and Swarm Beam Tracking Unmanned Towers for LTE, 5G, and other Autonomy Vehicles Wireless Base Stations: Available at WRCNC, at NCSU CentMesh, Cellular-Connected UAS for Agricultural IoT Monitoring and to work with US-Ignite Delivery/Transportation, and Data Collection Members Trajectory Optimization Cellular BS Experiments Example Site: Example with flying and NCSU Agriculture Urban Air Partners: ground Research Stations at Mobility, NASA, Example Site: LTE/5G UEs Lake Wheeler ASSURE, NC WakeMed UTM/ATM Smart Sky Buildings, part of Networks NCDOT IPP City/Town Partners: Rural Area UAV Cellular Hot-Spot City of Raleigh, Town of Cary, Relays and Post- BS Town of Holly Springs UAS BS Disaster Cellular Example Equipment: Connectivity Fortem radars deployed in AERPAW sites Cellular Example Sites: Example Technologies: LTE, IoT, mmWave BS NCSU PNC Arena Public safety Unauthorized UAS Koka Booth Amphitheater communications, indoor Holly Springs Baseball Detection/Tracking connectivity/localization Stadium 14
Outline ➔ AERPAW Team and Objective ➔ AERPAW Radios and Platforms ➔ Experiment Flow ➔ Research Examples 15
Platform Equipment Options for Users Equipment Fixed Nodes (E.g., at Towers) Mobile Nodes (E.g., at UAVs) SDRs NI USRP X310/N310/mmW NI USRP B210/mmW 5G NR Ericsson 5G gNBs 5G UEs RF Sensors Keysight N6841A RF Sensor Keysight Nemo RF Sensors IoT Devices SigFox/LoRa Access Point SigFox/Lora Sensor UAS Radar Fortem SkyDome N/A UWB TimeDomain P410/P440 radios TimeDomain P410/440 radios WiFi Sniffers WiFi Pineapple WiFi Pineapple Bring your own device (BYOD) experiments will also be supported if they satisfy criteria 16
AERPAW SDRs from National Instruments USRP X310 ( fixed USRP N310 ( fixed USRP 5G mmW USRP B205mini / nodes ) nodes ) (expected, fixed B210 ( mobile nodes ) ➔ Up to 56 MHz of & mobile nodes ) ➔ Up to 160 MHz of ➔ Supports 4 channels bandwidth ➔ Up to 400 MHz ➔ Frequency range: 70 bandwidth for MIMO operation bandwidth ➔ Frequency range: ➔ Up to 100 MHz of MHz to 6 GHz ➔ Expected center ➔ B210 supports 2 DC to 6 GHz (with bandwidth/channel frequency: 28 GHz ➔ Frequency range: 10 daughterboards) Channels for MIMO ➔ We anticipate ➔ 2 Channels ➔ Spartan-6 FPGA MHz to 6 GHz payload will be ➔ Kintex-7 FPGA ➔ Stand alone similar to USRP (embedded) or host- X310 series based (network ➔ Considered for streaming) operation both at towers and ➔ Remote management drones capability 17
Custom Millimeter-Wave Extenders for USRPs ➔ mmW beamforming for UAS is critical; however, low-cost beamforming solutions which easily interface with USRP are still being brought to market. ➔ We plan to develop custom beamforming modules suitable for UAS using a mixture of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) parts. Co-PI Brian Floyd, NCSU, bafloyd@ncsu.edu 18
Communications Experiment Software Software we will integrate and provision to experimenters ➔ srsLTE, 4G now, 5G in the future ➔ Open air interface (OAI), 4G and 5G software suites ➔ GNU Radio Experiment support software we will develop ➔ Waveforms ➔ Adapted protocols for supporting research and standardization Software developed by users 20
Keysight RF Sensors at Ground/Aerial Nodes Keysight 4G/5G network measurement (a) Drone tracking RF N6820E sensor from Keysight, (b) Example use for solutions for commercial BS coverage UAS localization/tracking. Can be used to sense any other fixed/mobile RF experiments at aerial platforms source, e.g. for interference localization. 21
SigFox IoT and Fortem Radar Fortem: A NCDOT SigFox: Major IPP partner, detection applications in of unauthorized or agriculture (Purdue, non-cooperating UAS NCSU), Signals in the Soil, and broadly in UAS based monitoring 22
UWB Transceivers and WiFi Sniffers WiFi Pineapple ➔ Frequency: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz WiFi ➔ Can capture probe requests from all WiFi-equipped mobile devices ➔ Applications in search and rescue, occupancy monitoring Localizing mobile UWB RSS vs height and Time Domain P440 radios phones with WiFi distance ➔ Frequency: 3.1 GHz - 4.9 sniffers GHz ➔ 2 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth ➔ 2 cm ranging precision over 100 Image Source: Guvenc et al., 2017 23 Image Source: Guvenc et al., 2018
Fixed Nodes Antennas Fixed Node ➔ Provides the users a programmable fixed node Experiment ➔ Consists of: Links RF Cables/ • Physical Host (workstation) Waveguides • Radios Radio 1 • Antennas • Tower Radio 2 ... VM ➔ Optionally, steerable directional Radio n antennas PH RF ➔ The operator loads VM Image to Monitor Tower To/From the fixed node physical host AERPAW through Testbed Backplane Backplane 24
Antennas Mobile Mobile Nodes Payload Node Payload Experiment ➔ Provides the users a Cellular Links Links (user, programmable mobile node operator) ➔ Consists of: RF Cables/ • Companion Computer + VMs Cellular Waveguides Modem 1 • Radios • Antennas Radio 1 Tower Cellular • Autopilot Modem 2 Radio 2 VM ... ➔ Optionally, steerable directional Companion PH Radio n antennas Computer MAVLink over USB ➔ The operator loads VM Image to the mobile node physical host RC Autopilot Receiver through Testbed Backplane Mobile Node Vehicle 25
Antennas Mobile Mobile Nodes Payload Node Payload ➔ Cellular Link 1 under user control Experiment Cellular Links Links (user, ➔ Cellular Link 2 under operator control operator) • Start the experiment • Normal termination of experiment RF Cables/ Cellular • Abort the experiment Waveguides Modem 1 Radio 1 Tower Cellular ➔ RC Receiver under operator control Modem 2 Radio 2 VM • ... Abort experiment Companion PH Radio n Computer MAVLink over USB RC Autopilot Receiver Mobile Node Vehicle 26
Mobile Node Mobile Nodes Vehicle Autopilot Payload Multicopters • Fixed wing • Helikite • Rover • Bus • Mobile Node Vehicles 27
Outline ➔ AERPAW Team and Objective ➔ AERPAW Radios and Platforms ➔ Experiment Flow ➔ Research Examples 28
Experiment Preparation to Execution Experimenter Specify nodes, desired Development VMs Develop mapping, equip with (Ground and Aerial $ AERPAW software tools node images) and drivers, program Sandbox Sandbox VMs Test with real drivers, (real radio, real drones $ actual hardware (tutorial Emulate minus props) and sanity) – indoor facility Test with real drivers, Submit Emulation VMs (emulated realistic hardware radio, emulated drones, emulation real code) $ (AERPAW safety check) Observe Testbed Retrieve (real everything) $$$$ Results Operator 30
Outline ➔ AERPAW Team and Objective ➔ AERPAW Radios and Platforms ➔ Experiment Flow ➔ Research Examples 32
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